无标记路段多车道人行横道处行人与自动驾驶车辆的交互行为：基础设施设计、AV 运营与信号的作用
Pedestrian Behavior Interacting with Autonomous Vehicles during Unmarked Midblock Multilane Crossings: Role of Infrastructure Design, AV Operations and Signaling
AI总结：
本研究利用虚拟现实模拟城市无标记路段环境，探讨了道路中心线设计、AV运营及车载信号对行人过街行为的影响，发现两者均显著影响等待与总过街时间，且不同信号与道路类型存在交互效应。
摘要：
自动驾驶车辆（AVs）面临的主要挑战之一是与行人交互，尤其是在路权未明确规定的无标记路段位置。本研究调查了行人在不同道路中心线特征（即无分隔、双向左转车道（TWLTL）和中央隔离带）以及通过车载信号向行人展示的各种 AV 运营方案（即无信号、黄色协商指示，以及黄色/蓝色协商/不让行指示）下的过街行为。本研究采用虚拟现实技术模拟了一个城市无标记路段环境，行人在此与 AVs 进行交互。结果表明，道路中心线设计特征以及 AV 运营和信号均显著影响行人的无标记路段过街行为，包括在路缘的等待时间、在道路中间的等待时间以及总过街时间。但仅道路中心线特征对步行时间有显著影响。无分隔场景的参与者在路缘等待和在道路上步行的时间比中央隔离带和 TWLTL 场景更长，但他们在道路中间等待的时间更短。与无信号的 AV 相比，黄色信号的设计显著减少了行人在路缘和中间的等待时间。但黄色/蓝色显著增加了行人的等待时间。道路中心线设计特征与 AV 运营及信号之间的交互效应仅对中间等待时间显著。对于中间等待时间，黄色/蓝色信号对中央隔离带道路类型的影响最大，对无分隔道路的影响最小。研究还探讨了人口统计学、过往行为和步行暴露度。年长者倾向于等待更长时间，而行人过往过街行为和过往步行暴露度并未显著影响行人的步行行为。
英文摘要：
One of the main challenges autonomous vehicles (AVs) will face is interacting with pedestrians, especially at unmarked midblock locations where the right-of-way is unspecified. This study investigates pedestrian crossing behavior given different roadway centerline features (i.e., undivided, two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL), and median) and various AV operational schemes portrayed to pedestrians through on-vehicle signals (i.e., no signal, yellow negotiating indication, and yellow/blue negotiating/no-yield indications). This study employs virtual reality to simulate an urban unmarked midblock environment where pedestrians interact with AVs. Results demonstrate that both roadway centerline design features and AV operations and signaling significantly impact pedestrian unmarked midblock crossing behavior, including the waiting time at the curb, waiting time in the middle of the road, and the total crossing time. But only the roadway centerline features significantly impact the walking time. Participants in the undivided scene spent a longer time waiting at the curb and walking on the road than in the median and TWLTL scenes, but they spent a shorter time waiting in the middle. Compared to the AV without a signal, the design of yellow signal significantly reduced pedestrian waiting time at the curb and in the middle. But yellow/blue significantly increased the pedestrian waiting time. Interaction effects between roadway centerline design features and AV operations and signaling are significant only for waiting time in the middle. For middle waiting time, yellow/blue signals had the most impact on the median road type and the least on the undivided road. Demographics, past behaviors, and walking exposure are also explored. Older individuals tend to wait longer, and pedestrian past crossing behaviors and past walking exposures do not significantly impact pedestrian walking behavior.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
