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arXiv 2303.16092cond-mat.soft
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欠阻尼胶体粒子通过窄孔逃离空腔的动力学

Escape Kinetics of an Underdamped Colloidal Particle from a Cavity through Narrow Pores

Shubhadip Nayak, Tanwi Debnath, Shovan Das, Debajyoti Debnath, Pulak K. Ghosh

摘要:

通常希望知道纳米或微米尺度颗粒在小腔体中的存活概率的控制机制,例如,高效过滤介质的纤维床中的受限亚微米颗粒或受限蜂窝结构中的离子/小分子。在这里,我们解决这个问题的基础上逃逸动力学的惯性布朗胶体粒子从各种类型的单孔和多孔腔的数值研究。我们考虑了强粘性阻尼和弱粘性阻尼两种情况。模拟结果表明,只要热长度大于腔体尺寸,平均出射时间对介质粘性阻尼不敏感。随着阻尼强度的进一步增大,逃逸率与阻尼强度逐渐呈现线性关系。这一结果是在鲜明对比的能量势垒跨越动力学的逃逸率表现出周转行为的阻尼强度的函数。此外,在弹道状态下,出口速率与孔宽度和热速度成正比。所有这些属性对腔以及孔结构不敏感。此外,我们表明,孔结构的变化对逃逸动力学的影响是显着不同的低阻尼制度相比,过阻尼的情况。除了在生物学和纳米技术中的直接应用外,我们的模拟结果还可以用于了解生物或人工微/纳米物体的扩散,例如细菌,病毒,Janus粒子等。

英文摘要:

It is often desirable to know the controlling mechanism of survival probability of nano - or microscale particles in small cavities such as, e.g., confined submicron particles in fiber beds of high-efficiency filter media or ions/small molecules in confined cellular structures. Here we address this issue based on numerical study of the escape kinetics of inertial Brownian colloidal particles from various types of cavities with single and multiple pores. We consider both the situations of strong and weak viscous damping. Our simulation results show that as long as the thermal length is larger than the cavity size the mean exit time remains insensitive to the medium viscous damping. On further increasing damping strength, a linear relation between escape rate and damping strength emerges gradually. This result is in sharp contrast to the energy barrier crossing dynamics where the escape rate exhibits a turnover behavior as a function of the damping strength. Moreover, in the ballistic regime, the exit rate is directly proportional to the pore width and the thermal velocity. All these attributes are insensitive to the cavity as well as the pore structures. Further, we show that the effects of pore structure variation on the escape kinetics are conspicuously different in the low damping regimes compared to the overdamped situation. Apart from direct applications in biology and nanotechnology, our simulation results can potentially be used to understand diffusion of living or artificial micro/nano objects, such as bacteria, virus, Janus Particle etc. where memory effects play dictating roles.

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