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arXiv 2303.15364econ.EMcs.LG
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基于注意力的Transformer神经网络通货膨胀预测

Inflation forecasting with attention based transformer neural networks

Maximilian Tschuchnig, Petra Tschuchnig, Cornelia Ferner, Michael Gadermayr

摘要:

通货膨胀是分配决策的主要决定因素,其预测是政府和中央银行的基本目标。然而,预测通货膨胀并不是一项简单的任务,因为它的预测依赖于低频,高度波动的数据,解释变量不明确。虽然经典模型显示出预测通货膨胀的可能性,但可靠地击败随机游走基准仍然很困难。最近,(深度)神经网络在众多应用中显示出令人印象深刻的结果,越来越多地设定了新的最先进的技术水平。本文研究了Transformer深度神经网络架构预测不同通货膨胀率的潜力。将结果与经典时间序列和机器学习模型的研究进行比较。我们表明,我们的适应Transformer,平均而言,优于基线的16个实验中的6个,在四个调查的通货膨胀率中的两个表现最好的分数。我们的研究结果表明,基于Transformer的神经网络在一定的通货膨胀率和预测范围内可以优于经典的回归和机器学习模型。

英文摘要:

Inflation is a major determinant for allocation decisions and its forecast is a fundamental aim of governments and central banks. However, forecasting inflation is not a trivial task, as its prediction relies on low frequency, highly fluctuating data with unclear explanatory variables. While classical models show some possibility of predicting inflation, reliably beating the random walk benchmark remains difficult. Recently, (deep) neural networks have shown impressive results in a multitude of applications, increasingly setting the new state-of-the-art. This paper investigates the potential of the transformer deep neural network architecture to forecast different inflation rates. The results are compared to a study on classical time series and machine learning models. We show that our adapted transformer, on average, outperforms the baseline in 6 out of 16 experiments, showing best scores in two out of four investigated inflation rates. Our results demonstrate that a transformer based neural network can outperform classical regression and machine learning models in certain inflation rates and forecasting horizons.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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