LiBr/H2O吸收式热泵装置的控制建模与实验验证
Control-oriented modeling of a LiBr/H2O absorption heat pumping device and experimental validation
摘要：
吸收式热泵设备（AHPD，包括吸收式热泵和制冷机）是使用热能而不是电力来产生加热和冷却的设备，从而促进废热和可再生能源（例如太阳能或地热能）的使用。尽管有这种好处，AHPD的广泛使用仍然有限。其原因之一是在变化的操作条件下部分地不令人满意的控制性能，这可能导致差的调制和部分负载能力。一个有前途的方法来解决这个问题是使用动态的，基于模型的控制策略，其有效性，但是，强烈依赖于所使用的模型。因此，本文着重于推导一个可行的动态模型，用于AHPD的基于模型的控制策略，如状态反馈或模型预测控制。推导的模型进行了实验验证，表现出良好的建模精度。它的建模精度也比较替代模型版本，包含其他传热相关性，作为基准。虽然导出的模型在数学上很简单，但它确实具有非线性微分代数方程组的结构。为了得到一个更简单的模型结构，在一个工作点的线性化进行了讨论，推导出一个线性状态空间表示的模型。实验验证表明，线性化模型确实有略差的稳态精度，但动态精度似乎几乎不受线性化。所提出的新的建模方法被认为是适合作为先进的，基于模型的控制策略的设计基础，最终旨在提高AHPD的调制和部分负载能力。
英文摘要：
Absorption heat pumping devices (AHPDs, comprising absorption heat pumps and chillers) are devices that use thermal energy instead of electricity to generate heating and cooling, thereby facilitating the use of waste heat and renewable energy sources such as solar or geothermal energy. Despite this benefit, widespread use of AHPDs is still limited. One reason for this is partly unsatisfactory control performance under varying operating conditions, which can result in poor modulation and part load capability. A promising approach to tackle this issue is using dynamic, model-based control strategies, whose effectiveness, however, strongly depend on the model being used. This paper therefore focuses on the derivation of a viable dynamic model to be used for such model-based control strategies for AHPDs such as state feedback or model-predictive control. The derived model is experimentally validated, showing good modeling accuracy. Its modeling accuracy is also compared to alternative model versions, that contain other heat transfer correlations, as a benchmark. Although the derived model is mathematically simple, it does have the structure of a nonlinear differential-algebraic system of equations. To obtain an even simpler model structure, linearization at an operating point is discussed to derive a model in linear state space representation. The experimental validation shows that the linear model does have slightly worse steady-state accuracy, but that the dynamic accuracy seems to be almost unaffected by the linearization. The presented new modeling approach is considered suitable to be used as a basis for the design of advanced, model-based control strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the modulation and part load capability of AHPDs.
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