Deep Learning (DL) is one of the most popular research topics in machine learning and DL-driven image recognition systems have developed rapidly. Recent research has employed metamorphic testing (MT) to detect misclassified images. Most of them discuss metamorphic relations (MR), with limited attention given to which regions should be transformed. We focus on the fact that there are sensitive regions where even small transformations can easily change the prediction results and propose an MT framework that efficiently tests for regions prone to misclassification by transforming these sensitive regions. Our evaluation demonstrated that the sensitive regions can be specified by Explainable AI (XAI) and our framework effectively detects faults.
Testing Deep Learning Models for Image Analysis Using Object-Relevant Metamorphic Relations
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学);Rutgers University(罗格斯大学);Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);Purdue University(普渡大学)
Using Metamorphic Relations to Verify and Enhance Artcode Classification
University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University of Nottingham Ningbo China(宁波诺丁汉大学);University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学);University of Wollongong(伍伦贡大学);Swinburne University of Technology(斯威本科技大学)
Domain-Validity-Gated Metamorphic Testing of Scientific ML Surrogates
School of Computing, University of South China(南方大学计算机学院);Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment(湖南软件评估与测试研究中心);CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing(中核高可信计算重点实验室)
NOETHER: A Constructive Framework for Metamorphic Pattern Discovery from Operator Algebras
School of Computing, University of South China(南华大学计算机学院);Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment(湖南软件测评与智能设备工程研究中心);CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing(中核集团高可信计算重点实验室)
Using agent-based models and EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to simulate social behaviors and policy intervention scenarios: A case study of private well users in Ireland
Technological University (TU), Dublin(都柏林理工大学);University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin(都柏林大学学院)