In this multi-messenger astronomy era, all the observational probes are improving their sensitivities and overall performance. The Focusing on Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution (FORCE) mission, the product of a JAXA/NASA collaboration, will reach a 10 times higher sensitivity in the hard X-ray band ($E >$ 10~keV) in comparison with any previous hard X-ray missions, and provide simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. FORCE aims to be launched in the early 2030s, providing a perfect hard X-ray complement to the ESA flagship mission Athena. FORCE will be the most powerful X-ray probe for discovering obscured/hidden black holes and studying high energy particle acceleration in our Universe and will address how relativistic processes in the universe are realized and how these affect cosmic evolution. FORCE, which will operate over 1--79 keV, is equipped with two identical pairs of supermirrors and wideband X-ray imagers. The mirror and imager are connected by a high mechanical stiffness extensible optical bench with alignment monitor systems with a focal length of 12~m. A light-weight silicon mirror with multi-layer coating realizes a high angular resolution of $<15''$ in half-power diameter in the broad bandpass. The imager is a hybrid of a brand-new SOI-CMOS silicon-pixel detector and a CdTe detector responsible for the softer and harder energy bands, respectively. FORCE will play an essential role in the multi-messenger astronomy in the 2030s with its broadband X-ray sensitivity.
Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in "Non-merging'' Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
Systematic Study of AGN Clumpy Tori with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy: Updated Unified Picture of AGN Structure
我们提出了使用X射线cluttertorus模型对附近活动星系核（AGN）进行系统的宽带X射线光谱分析的结果（XCLUMPY; Tanimoto et al. 2019）。通过增加本文新分析的16个活动星系核，我们研究了Ichikawa et al.（2015）和García-Bernete et al.（2019）的28个活动星系核，包括未吸收和吸收的活动星系核。这是最大的样品，其X射线和红外光谱分别由cluplantorus模型XCLUMPY和CLUMPY（Nenkova等人，2008）进行分析。根据每个物体的X射线环面参数确定的爱丁顿比和环面覆盖因子之间的关系遵循Ricci等人（2017）基于统计分析发现的趋势。我们证实了Tanimoto等人（2020）的结果：（1）红外数据确定的环面角宽度大于X射线数据确定的环面角宽度;（2）在遮蔽活动星系核中，沿视线方向的氢柱密度与V波段消光比（$N_{\rm H}/A_{\rm V}$）与银河系的平均值相似。未遮蔽的活动星系核的视向$N_{\rm H}/A_{\rm V}$比明显小于银河系的视向比。我们的研究结果可以很好地解释了一个更新的统一的图片AGN结构，包括一个尘埃环，尘埃极地流出，和无尘气体，其中的倾斜度决定了X射线和光学分类和观测到的环面属性在X射线和红外波段。
