钨中的 Quodon 电流及其对 Tokamak 聚变反应堆的影响
Quodon Current in Tungsten and Consequences for Tokamak Fusion Reactors
AI总结：
本文研究了Tokamak聚变反应堆中由高能He离子和中子产生的移动晶格激发quodons，提出分离quodon电流与传导电流的实验设计，通过飞行时间实验测得其速度接近声速，并发现高功率下quodons可能对低温系统产生不利影响。
摘要：
Tokamak 聚变反应堆产生的高能 He 离子穿透表面不到 20 微米，而中子则散布整个反应堆。在重金属中使用类似快速 He 离子的实验表明，非线性晶格激发的振动耦合产生了被称为 quodons 的移动晶格激发。这些激发与声子解耦，以接近声速进行弹道运动，并易于在金属和绝缘体中传播。它们可以耦合并传输电荷，这使得在实验中能够对其进行观察。它们在整个聚变反应堆中快速散布热量，并通过电绝缘体携带电荷。在本文中，我们提出了一种分离 quodon 电流和传导电流的实验设计，从而使得测量前者成为可能。我们还提出了飞行时间实验，这些实验导致了对 quodon 速度的估计，其量级为声速，因此比传导电流中电子或空穴的漂移快得多。我们展示了钨中 quodon 电流的结果，钨是核聚变技术中广泛使用的材料，表明在聚变反应堆中将产生许多 quodons。据预测，在高输出功率下，由 He 离子和中子产生的 quodons 可能会对低温系统产生不利影响。
英文摘要：
Tokamak fusion reactors produce energetic He ions that penetrate surfaces less than 20 micron and neutrons that spread throughout the reactor. Experiments with similar swift He ions in heavy metals show that the vibronic coupling of nonlinear lattice excitations creates mobile lattice excitations, called quodons. These are decoupled from phonons, move ballistically at near sonic speed and propagate easily in metals and insulators. They can couple to and transport electric charge, which allows their observation in experiments. They rapidly disperse heat throughout a fusion reactor and carry charge through electrical insulators. In this paper we present an experimental design that separates quodon current and conduction current and therefore makes it possible to measure the former. We also present time-of-flight experiments that lead to an estimation of the quodon speed which is of the order of the sound velocity and therefore much faster than the drift of electrons or holes in conduction currents. We present results on quodon current in tungsten, a material widely used in nuclear fusion technology, showing that many quodons will be produced in fusion reactors. It is predicted that at high output powers, quodons created by He ions and neutrons might adversely impact on cryogenic systems.
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