Cloud Forensic: Issues, Challenges and Solution Models
Sayada Sonia Akter, Mohammad Shahriar Rahman
备注：
23 pages; 6 figures; 4 tables. Book chapter of the book titled "A Practical Guide on Security and Privacy in Cyber Physical Systems Foundations, Applications and Limitations", World Scientific Series in Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity
Cloud computing is a web-based utility model that is becoming popular every day with the emergence of 4th Industrial Revolution, therefore, cybercrimes that affect web-based systems are also relevant to cloud computing. In order to conduct a forensic investigation into a cyber-attack, it is necessary to identify and locate the source of the attack as soon as possible. Although significant study has been done in this domain on obstacles and its solutions, research on approaches and strategies is still in its development stage. There are barriers at every stage of cloud forensics, therefore, before we can come up with a comprehensive way to deal with these problems, we must first comprehend the cloud technology and its forensics environment. Although there are articles that are linked to cloud forensics, there is not yet a paper that accumulated the contemporary concerns and solutions related to cloud forensic. Throughout this chapter, we have looked at the cloud environment, as well as the threats and attacks that it may be subjected to. We have also looked at the approaches that cloud forensics may take, as well as the various frameworks and the practical challenges and limitations they may face when dealing with cloud forensic investigations.
在当今社会，我们生活在一个不断连接的世界中，许多人现在都在寻找云服务来存储他们的文件，这样他们就可以在任何地方访问它们。通过使用云服务，用户可以在任何有互联网连接的地方访问文件。然而，云存储虽然方便，但也存在安全风险。从取证的角度来看，云存储平台的日益普及使得对此类漏洞的调查变得更加困难，特别是因为许多平台（如移动设备和计算机）都能够使用这些服务。本文介绍了在Microsoft Windows 8.1上运行的流行云平台之一hubiC的调查。剩余的文物有关的不同用途的hubiC，即上传，下载，安装和卸载在Microsoft Windows 8.1。
The continued evolution in computer network technologies has seen the introduction of new paradigms like Software Defined Networking (SDN) which has altered many traditional networking principles in todays business environments. SDN has brought about unprecedented change to the way organisations plan, develop, and enact their networking technology and infrastructure strategies. However, SDN does not only offer new opportunities and abilities for organisations to redesign their entire network infrastructure but also presents a different set of issues and challenges that need to be resolved. One…
IoT technologies pose serious challenges to digital Forensics. The acquisition of digital evidence is hindered by the number and extreme variety of IoT items, often lacking physical interfaces, connected in unprotected networks, feeding data to uncontrolled cloud services. In this paper we address "Information Quality" in IoT Forensics, taking into account different levels of complexity and included human factors. After drawing a theoretical framework on data quality and information quality, we focus on forensic analysis challenges in IoT environments, providing a use case of evidence collecti…
NAND flash memory-based IoT device can potentially still leave behind original personal data in an invalid area even if the data has been deleted. In this paper, we raise the forensic issue of original data remaining in unmanaged blocks caused by NAND flash memory and introduce methods for secure deletion of such data in the invalid area. We also propose a verification technique for secure deletion that is performed based on cell count information, which refers to the difference in bits between personal data and data stored in the block. The pass/fail of the verification technique according to…
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The number of cyber attacks has increased tremendously in the last few years. This resulted into both human and financial losses at the individual and organization levels. Recently, cyber-criminals are leveraging new skills and capabilities by employing anti-forensics activities, techniques and tools to cover their tracks and evade any possible detection. Consequently, cyber-attacks are becoming more efficient and more sophisticated. Therefore, traditional cryptographic and non-cryptographic solutions and access control systems are no longer enough to prevent such cyber attacks, especially in …
The technological advance of drone technology has augmented the existing capabilities of flying vehicles rendering them a valuable asset of the modern society. As more drones are expected to occupy the airspace in the near future, security-related incidents, either malicious acts or accidents, will increase as well. The forensics analysis of a security incident is essential, as drones are flying above populated areas and have also been weaponised from radical forces and perpetrators. Thus, it is an imperative need to establish a Drone Digital Forensics Investigation Framework and standardise t…
The increasing adoption of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices present new challenges to digital forensic investigators and law enforcement agencies when investigation into cybercrime on these new platforms are required. However, there has been no formal study to document actual challenges faced by investigators and whether existing tools help them in their work. Prior issues such as the correlation and consistency problem in digital forensic evidence have also become a pressing concern in light of numerous evidence sources from IoT devices. Motivated by these observations, we conduct a user stud…
Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology（北京先进信息科学与网络技术重点实验室）；University of Siena（锡耶纳大学）
Transferability of adversarial examples is a key issue to apply this kind of attacks against multimedia forensics (MMF) techniques based on Deep Learning (DL) in a real-life setting. Adversarial example transferability, in fact, would open the way to the deployment of successful counter forensics attacks also in cases where the attacker does not have a full knowledge of the to-be-attacked system. Some preliminary works have shown that adversarial examples against CNN-based image forensics detectors are in general non-transferrable, at least when the basic versions of the attacks implemented in…
Securing enterprise networks presents challenges in terms of both their size and distributed structure. Data required to detect and characterize malicious activities may be diffused and may be located across network and endpoint devices. Further, cyber-relevant data routinely exceeds total available storage, bandwidth, and analysis capability, often by several orders of magnitude. Real-time detection of threats within or across very large enterprise networks is not simply an issue of scale, but also a challenge due to the variable nature of malicious activities and their presentations. The sys…
