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arXiv 2303.05481hep-lathep-th
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无符号问题的Schwinger模型的蒙特卡洛研究

Monte Carlo study of Schwinger model without the sign problem

Hiroki Ohata

AI总结:

本文利用1985年Bender等人提出的玻色化格点形式规避符号问题,对带θ项的Schwinger模型进行蒙特卡洛研究,验证了方法正确性,并首次定量揭示了有限温度下弦张力为负等禁闭性质。

摘要:

对带有拓扑θ项的Schwinger模型(一维空间中的量子电动力学)进行蒙特卡洛研究非常困难,原因在于传统格点形式中存在符号问题。本文指出,可以利用最初由Bender等人于1985年提出的玻色化Schwinger模型的格点形式来规避这一问题。在对其格点形式进行详细回顾之后,我们通过在θ=0时与解析结果及先前数值结果的详细对比,明确验证了该方法的正确性。我们还得到了手征凝聚的θ依赖关系,并成功重现了小费米子质量m/g≲0.125下的质量微扰结果。作为一项应用,我们对弦张力进行了精确计算,并首次定量揭示了Schwinger模型在有限温度和θ区域中的禁闭性质。特别地,我们发现在低温下θ=π附近,非整数试探电荷的弦张力为负值。

英文摘要:

Monte Carlo study of the Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in one spatial dimension) with a topological $θ$ term is very difficult due to the sign problem in the conventional lattice formulation. In this paper, we point out that this problem can be circumvented by utilizing the lattice formulation of the bosonized Schwinger model, initially invented by Bender et al. in 1985. After conducting a detailed review of their lattice formulation, we explicitly validate its correctness through detailed comparisons with analytical and previous numerical results at $θ= 0$. We also obtain the $θ$ dependence of the chiral condensate and successfully reproduce the mass perturbation result for small fermion masses $m / g \lesssim 0.125$. As an application, we perform a precise calculation of the string tension and quantitatively reveal the confining properties in the Schwigner model at finite temperature and $θ$ region for the first time. In particular, we find that the string tension is negative for noninteger probe charges around $θ= π$ at low temperatures.

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