使双分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的幽灵涡旋可见
Making ghost vortices visible in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
AI总结：
本文提出在旋转的不平衡双分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中生成并观测幽灵涡旋的平台，通过淬灭散射长度使幽灵涡旋直接可见，并研究了其双重项链结构。
摘要：
幽灵涡旋构成量子流体中一类难以捉摸的拓扑激发，因为相关的相位奇点位于超流密度几乎为零的区域。这里我们提出一个平台，允许对这类涡旋进行受控生成和观测。在旋转双分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BECs）的不平衡混合物时，可以在多数分量中获得真实涡旋的项链，其核心被少数分量的粒子填充。描述后者状态的波函数被证明包含若干幽灵涡旋，这些涡旋对支持混合物的整体动力学至关重要。它们的排列通常镜像其真实对应物的排列，因此产生一个“双重”幽灵涡旋项链，本文对其性质进行了深入研究。我们还提出了一个可行的实验方案，用于在${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ + ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}$超冷混合物中直接观测幽灵涡旋。通过淬灭分量间散射长度，一些原子从涡旋核心被排出，并在扩散过程中围绕未占据的相位奇点旋转，从而使其直接可见。
英文摘要：
Ghost vortices constitute an elusive class of topological excitations in quantum fluids since the relevant phase singularities fall within regions where the superfluid density is almost zero. Here we present a platform that allows for the controlled generation and observation of such vortices. Upon rotating an imbalanced mixture of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), one can obtain necklaces of real vortices in the majority component whose cores get filled by particles from the minority one. The wavefunction describing the state of the latter is shown to harbour a number of ghost vortices which are crucial to support the overall dynamics of the mixture. Their arrangement typically mirrors that of their real counterpart, hence resulting in a ``dual" ghost-vortex necklace, whose properties are thoroughly investigated in the present paper. We also present a viable experimental protocol for the direct observation of ghost vortices in a ${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ $+$ ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}$ ultracold mixture. Quenching the inter-component scattering length, some atoms are expelled from the vortex cores and, while diffusing, swirl around unpopulated phase singularities, thus turning them directly observable.
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