旋转对称瞬逝电磁场的Néel型光学Skyrmions
Néel-type optical skyrmions inherited from evanescent electromagnetic fields with rotational symmetry
摘要：
光学Skyrmions是由覆盖整个4π立体角的三维矢量场形成的拓扑结构的光学模拟，但被限制在二维（2D）域中，由于其在高密度数据传输、存储和处理中的潜在应用，最近引起了越来越多的兴趣。虽然在自由空间传播和近场倏逝电磁场中使用不同的场矢量已经成功地证明了光学Skyrmion，但是关于光学Skyrmion的产生和控制以及它们与电磁场的一般相关性的研究仍然处于起步阶段。在这里，我们从理论上提出，具有旋转对称性的倏逝横磁极化（TM极化）电磁场实际上是电场矢量的Néel型光学skyrmion。这样的光学skyrmions保持旋转对称性，是独立的操作频率和介质。我们的建议是通过数值模拟和实空间纳米成像实验进行了验证的石墨烯单层。因此，这样的发现不仅可以加深我们对EM拓扑纹理的形成机制的理解，而且还可以为可能影响未来信息技术的EM skyrmions的简易构建提供指导。
英文摘要：
Optical skyrmions, the optical analogue of topological configurations formed by three-dimensional vector fields covering the whole 4π solid angle but confined in a two-dimensional (2D) domain, have recently attracted growing interest due to their potential applications in high-density data transfer, storage, and processing. While the optical skyrmions have been successfully demonstrated using different field vectors in both of free-space propagating and near-field evanescent electromagnetic fields, the study on generation and control of the optical skyrmions, and their general correlation with the electromagnetic (EM) fields, are still in infancy. Here, we theoretically propose that an evanescent transverse-magnetic-polarized (TM-polarized) EM fields with rotational symmetry are actually Néel-type optical skyrmions of the electric field vectors. Such optical skyrmions maintain the rotation symmetry that are independent on the operation frequency and medium. Our proposal was verified by numerical simulations and real-space nano-imaging experiments performed on a graphene monolayer. Such a discovery can therefore not only further our understanding on the formation mechanisms of EM topological textures, but also provide a guideline for facile construction of EM skyrmions that may impact future information technologies.
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