通信中符号出现的模型：概念回顾和避免局部极小值的指南
Models of symbol emergence in communication: a conceptual review and a guide for avoiding local minima
摘要：
计算模拟是一种流行的方法，用于测试有关通信出现的假设。这类研究在各种传统中进行，包括语言进化，发展心理学，认知科学，机器学习，机器人学等模型的动机是不同的，但使用的操作和方法往往是相似的。我们确定了几个最具代表性的模型的假设和解释目标，并总结了已知的结果。我们声称，一些假设-如描绘意义的映射，专注于通信的描述功能，建模信号与amodal令牌-可能会阻碍建模的成功。放松这些假设，突出体现和定位代理的相互作用，使人们能够系统化的多重压力下，符号系统的发展。根据这一观点，我们勾勒出了一条道路，以模拟有意义的符号沟通的出现，符号同时扎根于行动和感知，并形成一个抽象的系统。
英文摘要：
Computational simulations are a popular method for testing hypotheses about the emergence of communication. This kind of research is performed in a variety of traditions including language evolution, developmental psychology, cognitive science, machine learning, robotics, etc. The motivations for the models are different, but the operationalizations and methods used are often similar. We identify the assumptions and explanatory targets of several most representative models and summarise the known results. We claim that some of the assumptions -- such as portraying meaning in terms of mapping, focusing on the descriptive function of communication, modelling signals with amodal tokens -- may hinder the success of modelling. Relaxing these assumptions and foregrounding the interactions of embodied and situated agents allows one to systematise the multiplicity of pressures under which symbolic systems evolve. In line with this perspective, we sketch the road towards modelling the emergence of meaningful symbolic communication, where symbols are simultaneously grounded in action and perception and form an abstract system.
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