用于分析口腔液滴和量化口罩功效的低成本便携式设备
A Low-Cost Portable Apparatus to Analyze Oral Fluid Droplets and Quantify the Efficacy of Masks
摘要：
每年约有400万人死于上呼吸道感染。戴口罩对于防止含有病原体的飞沫传播至关重要，飞沫是这些疾病的主要原因。然而，大多数用于面罩功效评估的技术设置昂贵且操作复杂。在这项工作中，开发了一种新颖的，低成本的，定量的计量可视化，跟踪和分析口腔产生的液滴。该项目有四个阶段：设置优化、数据汇集、数据分析和应用程序开发。该计量学最初是在一个黑暗的壁橱中开发的，作为使用普通家用材料的概念验证，随后被应用到便携式设备中。选择Tonic水和UV暗光管灯来可视化荧光液滴和气溶胶传播，并使用开源软件开发自动分析。口腔液滴的产生和传播对各种因素的依赖关系进行了详细研究，并建立使用这种计量。此外，最小的可检测液滴尺寸与高度和空中时间在数学上相关。不同类型的口罩的功效进行了评估，并与织物的微观结构。研究发现，具有较小孔径和较厚材料的口罩更有效。这种技术可以很容易地在家里使用总成本低于60美元的材料来构建，从而实现低成本和精确的计量。
英文摘要：
Every year, about 4 million people die from upper respiratory infections. Mask-wearing is crucial in preventing the spread of pathogen-containing droplets, which is the primary cause of these illnesses. However, most techniques for mask efficacy evaluation are expensive to set up and complex to operate. In this work, a novel, low-cost, and quantitative metrology to visualize, track, and analyze orally-generated fluid droplets is developed. The project has four stages: setup optimization, data collection, data analysis, and application development. The metrology was initially developed in a dark closet as a proof of concept using common household materials and was subsequently implemented into a portable apparatus. Tonic water and UV darklight tube lights are selected to visualize fluorescent droplet and aerosol propagation with automated analysis developed using open-source software. The dependencies of oral fluid droplet generation and propagation on various factors are studied in detail and established using this metrology. Additionally, the smallest detectable droplet size was mathematically correlated to height and airborne time. The efficacy of different types of masks is evaluated and associated with fabric microstructures. It is found that masks with smaller-sized pores and thicker material are more effective. This technique can easily be constructed at home using materials that total to a cost of below \$60, thereby enabling a low-cost and accurate metrology.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
