水螅形态发生中的普遍钙波动
Universal Calcium fluctuations in Hydra morphogenesis
AI总结：
本研究通过电场与Heptanol调控水螅全身再生中的Ca2+波动，发现其统计分布符合倾斜双势阱场论模型，并揭示组织处于双稳态起始附近以维持再生能力。
摘要：
理解集体物理过程如何驱动动物发育中稳健的形态转变，需要刻画形态发生背后的相关场。已知钙（Ca2+）就是这样一种场。在此，我们展示全身水螅再生中的Ca2+空间波动表现出普遍性质，这些性质可由一个描述倾斜双势阱中波动的场论模型捕捉。我们利用外部电场和阻断间隙连接的药物Heptanol作为两种独立控制手段，它们会影响Ca2+活性并以可逆方式暂停再生过程。将水螅组织置于电场中会增强钙活性及其空间相关性，而施加Heptanol则抑制活性并削弱空间相关性。Ca2+空间波动的统计特征，即变异系数和偏度，在不同组织样本和条件下呈现普遍的形状分布，证明该场存在全局约束。我们的分析表明，水螅组织位于双稳态起始附近；不同区域的局部Ca2+活性在低激发态和高激发态之间波动。这些控制调节该起始附近的动力学，同时保留Ca2+波动的普遍特征，并由此维持组织的再生能力。
英文摘要：
Understanding how the collective physical processes drive robust morphological transitions in animal development requires the characterization of the relevant fields underlying morphogenesis. Calcium (Ca2+) is known to be such a field. Here we show that the Ca2+ spatial fluctuations, in whole-body Hydra regeneration, exhibit universal properties captured by a field-theoretic model describing fluctuations in a tilted double-well potential. We utilize an external electric field and Heptanol, a drug blocking gap junctions, as two separate controls affecting the Ca2+ activity and pausing the regeneration process in a reversible way. Subjecting the Hydra tissue to an electric field increases the calcium activity and its spatial correlations, while applying Heptanol inhibits the activity and weakens the spatial correlations. The statistical characteristics of the Ca2+ spatial fluctuations, i.e., the coefficient of variation and the skewness - exhibit universal shape distributions across tissue samples and conditions, demonstrating the existence of global constraints over this field. Our analysis shows that the Hydra's tissue resides near the onset of bistability; the local Ca2+ activity in different regions fluctuates between low and high excited states. The controls modulate the dynamics near that onset, preserving the universal characteristics of the Ca2+ fluctuations and, by that, maintaining the tissue's ability to regenerate.
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