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arXiv 2303.01952quant-phcs.CCcs.ITmath.IT
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超越极化机制与量子三角判别的量子态测试

Quantum state testing beyond the polarizing regime and quantum triangular discrimination

Yupan Liu

AI总结:

本文通过定义三角判别的量子对应物,将 QSDP 的 QSZK 包含关系扩展至极化机制之外,证明了新问题的 QSZK 完全性,并揭示了带误差与无误差 QSDP 分别属于 PP 和 NQP。

摘要:

复杂度类 Quantum Statistical Zero-Knowledge ($\mathsf{QSZK}$) 刻画了关于迹距离的时间有界量子态测试问题的计算难度,即判定 $\mathrm{T}(ρ_0,ρ_1)$ 是至少为 $α$ 还是最多为 $β$,这被称为由 Watrous (FOCS 2002) 提出的 Quantum State Distinguishability Problem ($\mathrm{QSDP}$)。然而,$\mathrm{QSDP}[α,β]$ 仅在常数极化机制内属于 $\mathsf{QSZK}$,其中 $α$ 和 $β$ 是满足 $α^2 > β$(而非 $α> β$)的常数,这类似于 Sahai 和 Vadhan (JACM 2003) 展示的经典对应物,归因于极化引理($\mathrm{SDP}$ 的误差归约)。最近,Berman, Degwekar, Rothblum 和 Vasudevan (TCC 2019) 通过关于三角判别和 Jensen-Shannon 散度的时间有界分布测试问题,将 $\mathrm{SDP}$ 的 $\mathsf{SZK}$ 包含关系扩展到了极化机制之外。我们的工作通过为三角判别定义量子对应物,为这些问题引入了适当的量子类比。我们研究了这些量子类比是否表现得与其经典对应物相似,并检验了现有关于量子距离的极化方法的局限性。这些新的 $\mathsf{QSZK}$-完全问题改进了极化机制之外 $\mathrm{QSDP}$ 的 $\mathsf{QSZK}$ 包含关系,并为 Ben-Aroya, Schwartz 和 Ta-Shma (ToC 2010) 定义的量子熵差问题 ($\mathrm{QEDP}$) 建立了简单的 $\mathsf{QSZK}$-硬度。此外,我们证明了具有某些指数级小误差的 $\mathrm{QSDP}$ 属于 $\mathsf{PP}$,而无误差的同一问题属于 $\mathsf{NQP}$。

英文摘要:

The complexity class Quantum Statistical Zero-Knowledge ($\mathsf{QSZK}$) captures computational difficulties of the time-bounded quantum state testing problem with respect to the trace distance, deciding whether $\mathrm{T}(ρ_0,ρ_1)$ is at least $α$ or at most $β$, known as the Quantum State Distinguishability Problem ($\mathrm{QSDP}$) introduced by Watrous (FOCS 2002). However, $\mathrm{QSDP}[α,β]$ is in $\mathsf{QSZK}$ only within the constant polarizing regime, where $α$ and $β$ are constants satisfying $α^2 > β$ (rather than $α> β$), similar to its classical counterpart shown by Sahai and Vadhan (JACM 2003) due to the polarization lemma (error reduction for $\mathrm{SDP}$). Recently, Berman, Degwekar, Rothblum, and Vasudevan (TCC 2019) extended the $\mathsf{SZK}$ containment of $\mathrm{SDP}$ beyond the polarizing regime via the time-bounded distribution testing problems with respect to the triangular discrimination and the Jensen-Shannon divergence. Our work introduces proper quantum analogs for these problems by defining quantum counterparts for triangular discrimination. We investigate whether the quantum analogs behave similarly to their classical counterparts and examine the limitations of existing approaches to polarization regarding quantum distances. These new $\mathsf{QSZK}$-complete problems improve $\mathsf{QSZK}$ containments of $\mathrm{QSDP}$ beyond the polarizing regime and establish a simple $\mathsf{QSZK}$-hardness for the quantum entropy difference problem ($\mathrm{QEDP}$) defined by Ben-Aroya, Schwartz, and Ta-Shma (ToC 2010). Furthermore, we prove that $\mathrm{QSDP}$ with some exponentially small errors is in $\mathsf{PP}$, while the same problem without error is in $\mathsf{NQP}$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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