用于TRISO燃料卵石中子探询的涂硼秸秆中子多重性计数器
Boron Coated Straw-based Neutron Multiplicity Counter for Neutron Interrogation of TRISO Fueled Pebbles
摘要：
球床反应堆（PBRs）可以提高核能生产的安全性和经济性。PBRs依靠三结构各向同性（TRISO）燃料卵石来增强裂变产物的保留。对单个燃料卵石的准确表征将有助于验证计算模型，有效使用TRISO燃料，并改善燃料问责制。我们已经开发和测试了一种新的中子多重性计数器（NMC）的基础上，192硼涂层吸管（BCS）探测器优化的${}^{235}$ U测定TRISO燃料。新的设计产生的单和双中子探测效率分别为4.71%和0.174%，和消亡时间为16.7 $\mathrmμ$ s。NMC在80.3 mR/h的曝光率下具有低的固有伽马射线探测效率$8.71\times10^{-8}$。在模拟中，包含396根吸管的高效版本的NMC能够估计卵石中的${}^{235}$ U，在100 s内的相对不确定性和误差均低于2%。
英文摘要：
Pebble bed reactors (PBRs) can improve the safety and economics of the nuclear energy production. PBRs rely on TRIstructural-ISOtropic (TRISO) fuel pebbles for enhanced fission product retention. Accurate characterization of individual fuel pebbles would enable the validation of computational models, efficient use of TRISO fuel, and improve fuel accountability. We have developed and tested a new neutron multiplicity counter (NMC) based on 192 boron coated straw (BCS) detectors optimized for ${}^{235}$U assay in TRISO fuel. The new design yielded a singles and doubles neutron detection efficiency of 4.71% and 0.174%, respectively, and a die-away time of 16.7 $\mathrmμ$s. The NMC has a low intrinsic gamma-ray detection efficiency of $8.71\times10^{-8}$ at an exposure rate of 80.3 mR/h. In simulation, a high-efficiency version of the NMC encompassing 396 straws was able to estimate the ${}^{235}$U in a pebble with a relative uncertainty and error both below 2% in 100 s.
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