使用开源3D渲染软件设计和模拟逼真的空间频域成像系统
Designing and simulating realistic spatial frequency domain imaging systems using open-source 3D rendering software
摘要：
空间频域成像（SFDI）是一种低成本的成像技术，可以提供实时的吸收和减少散射系数的地图。然而，实际的SFDI系统必须应对各种各样的成像几何形状，包括离体成像扁平样品，体内管腔内成像，例如在内窥镜检查中，以及测量不同形状，尺寸和光学特性的肿瘤或息肉。需要一种设计和仿真工具来加速新SFDI系统的设计和制造。我们提出了这样一个系统，使用开源的3D设计和光线跟踪软件Blender实现，该软件能够模拟具有逼真光学特性（模仿健康和癌组织）的介质，各种形状和大小，以及平面和管状成像几何形状。我们首先证明了定量的蒙特卡罗模拟的散射和吸收系数之间的协议，从我们的搅拌机系统测量。接下来，我们展示了该系统模拟具有小模拟肿瘤的平坦样品的吸收、散射和形状的能力，并展示了与SFDI相关的改进对比度。最后，为了证明该系统作为设计工具的多功能性，我们表明，它可以用来生成一个自定义的查找表，用于从调制幅度值映射到管状几何形状中的吸收和散射值，模拟管腔。作为一个示范性的例子，我们表明，管的纵向截面，每个部分单独的查找表，显着提高SFDI的准确性，代表未来系统的重要设计见解。因此，我们预计我们的模拟系统将大大有助于新型SFDI系统的设计和开发，特别是当此类系统被部署在内窥镜和腹腔镜系统中时。
英文摘要：
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a low-cost imaging technique that can deliver real-time maps of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients. However, there are a wide range of imaging geometries that practical SFDI systems must cope with including imaging flat samples ex vivo, imaging inside tubular lumen in vivo such as in an endoscopy, and measuring tumours or polyps of varying shapes, sizes and optical properties. There is a need for a design and simulation tool to accelerate design and fabrication of new SFDI systems. We present such a system implemented using open-source 3D design and ray-tracing software Blender that is capable of simulating media with realistic optical properties (mimicking healthy and cancerous tissue), a wide variety of shapes and size, and in both planar and tubular imaging geometries. We first demonstrate quantitative agreement between Monte-Carlo simulated scattering and absorption coefficients and those measured from our Blender system. Next, we show the ability of the system to simulate absorption, scattering and shape for flat samples with small simulated tumours and show that the improved contrast associated with SFDI is reproduced. Finally, to demonstrate the versatility of the system as a design tool we show that it can be used to generate a custom look-up-table for mapping from modulation amplitude values to absorption and scattering values in a tubular geometry, simulating a lumen. As a demonstrative example we show that longitudinal sectioning of the tube, with separate look-up tables for each section, significantly improves accuracy of SFDI, representing an important design insight for future systems. We therefore anticipate our simulation system will significantly aid in the design and development of novel SFDI systems, especially as such systems are miniaturised for deployment in endoscopic and laparoscopic systems.
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