三反射镜消像散宇宙微波背景望远镜的旁瓣建模与抑制
Sidelobe Modeling and Mitigation for a Three Mirror Anastigmat Cosmic Microwave Background Telescope
AI总结：
针对南极TMA型CMB望远镜的远旁瓣污染问题，提出基于光线追迹的建模方法，并通过高散射围护壁面将度尺度旁瓣对比度降低逾一个数量级。
摘要：
在大角尺度上测量宇宙微波背景（CMB）偏振的望远镜需要对系统误差进行极其精细的控制，以确保宇宙学结果的保真度。特别是，由大角度散射产生的远旁瓣污染，是大口径微波望远镜潜在的显著系统误差来源。本文描述并演示了一种基于光线追迹的建模技术，用于预测一台设计用于在南极观测CMB的三反射镜消像散（TMA）望远镜的远旁瓣。这些旁瓣由接收机光学系统中散射的光随后与周围望远镜围护结构壁面相互作用而产生。在比较了不同围护结构壁面处理方式的模拟旁瓣图和角功率谱之后，我们提出了一种高散射表面，与典型的反射表面相比，它可将度尺度远旁瓣对比度降低一个数量级以上。最后，我们讨论了原型散射壁板的制备，并给出了其角散射分布的测量结果。
英文摘要：
Telescopes measuring cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization on large angular scales require exquisite control of systematic errors to ensure the fidelity of the cosmological results. In particular, far-sidelobe contamination from wide angle scattering is a potentially prominent source of systematic error for large aperture microwave telescopes. Here we describe and demonstrate a ray-tracing-based modeling technique to predict far sidelobes for a Three Mirror Anistigmat (TMA) telescope designed to observe the CMB from the South Pole. Those sidelobes are produced by light scattered in the receiver optics subsequently interacting with the walls of the surrounding telescope enclosure. After comparing simulated sidelobe maps and angular power spectra for different enclosure wall treatments, we propose a highly scattering surface that would provide more than an order of magnitude reduction in the degree-scale far-sidelobe contrast compared to a typical reflective surface. We conclude by discussing the fabrication of a prototype scattering wall panel and presenting measurements of its angular scattering profile.
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