区块链与生物识别：综述、GDPR分析与未来方向
Blockchain and Biometrics: Survey, GDPR Analysis, and Future Directions
AI总结：
本文综述区块链与生物识别结合的研究，首次基于GDPR进行法律分析，探讨其在PKI、可信服务及身份管理中的应用，并指出当前挑战与未来方向。
摘要：
生物识别作为一种高效且难以伪造的身份识别与验证方式，已成为当前数字世界不可或缺的一部分。该技术的快速发展极大地推动了其在众多应用中的集成。与此同时，区块链作为一种去中心化账本技术，在过去几年中已受到研究和工业界的广泛接受，如今正越来越多地部署于多种不同应用中，如资金转账、物联网、医疗保健或物流。近期，研究人员已开始探讨当这两种技术交汇时的利弊以及最佳应用场景。本文对区块链与生物识别相结合的研究文献进行了综述，并首次基于GDPR对此集成进行了法律分析，以揭示其挑战与潜力。尽管区块链技术融入生物识别领域仍处于起步阶段，且已有越来越多的文献讨论具体应用和先进技术设置，本文旨在提供对区块链在生物识别中适用性的整体理解。基于已发表的研究，本文讨论了将区块链与生物识别相结合用于PKI系统、分布式可信服务和身份管理等新颖应用的实际示例。本文还将讨论结合区块链与生物识别时的挑战和局限性，这些挑战激励了未来的工作；例如，当前阶段的区块链网络对于某些实时生物识别应用可能不够高效或经济。最后，我们还讨论了与这两种技术（区块链和生物识别）结合相关的欧盟通用数据保护条例（GDPR）的关键法律方面；例如，问责制、不可篡改性、匿名性和数据保护要素。
英文摘要：
Biometric recognition as an efficient and hard-to-forge way of identification and verification has become an indispensable part of the current digital world. The fast evolution of this technology has been a strong incentive for integration into many applications. Meanwhile, blockchain, the decentralized ledger technology, has been widely received by both research and industry in the past few years, and it is being increasingly deployed today in many different applications, such as money transfer, IoT, healthcare, or logistics. Recently, researchers have started to speculate on the pros and cons and what the best applications would be when these two technologies cross paths. This paper provides a survey of the research literature on the combination of blockchain and biometrics and includes a first legal analysis of this integration based on GDPR to shed light on challenges and potentials. Although the integration of blockchain technology into the biometric sector is still in its infancy, with a growing body of literature discussing specific applications and advanced technological setups, this paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of blockchain applicability in biometrics. Based on published studies, this article discusses, among others, practical examples combining blockchain and biometrics for novel applications in PKI systems, distributed trusted services, and identity management. Challenges and limitations when combining blockchain and biometrics that motivate future work will also be discussed; e.g., blockchain networks at their current stage may not be efficient or economical for some real-time biometric applications. Finally, we also discuss key legal aspects of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) related to this combination of technologies (blockchain and biometrics); for example, accountability, immutability, anonymity, and data protection elements.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
