量子色动力学中一个猜想的检验
Testing a Conjecture On Quantum Chromodynamics
摘要：
一个普朗克尺度模型，包括量子色动力学和超越它，对观测进行测试。该模型基于一个基本原则。从狄拉克把自旋为1/2的粒子描述为束缚体的提议开始，我们把夸克和基本费米子描述为带有不可观测束缚的涨落有理缠结。这种缠结服从自由狄拉克方程。对有理缠结进行分类，自然会得到基本费米子的观测光谱，包括六种夸克类型及其量子数。对缠结变形进行分类自然会得到三种类型的规范相互作用，三种类型的基本规范玻色子，以及对称群U（1），破缺SU（2）和SU（3）。夸克、轻子、希格斯玻色子和规范玻色子可能的合理缠结只允许观察到的费曼图。完整的拉格朗日的标准模型-没有任何修改，包括拉格朗日的量子色动力学-出现在一个自然的方式。从单一基本原理出发，导出了90多个关于夸克和胶子行为的实验结果和检验。没有任何结果与观察相反。链猜想的结果包括强子的完全夸克模型、强子四极矩的正确符号、色通量管、禁闭、雷吉行为、运行夸克质量、正确预测的强子质量序列、强相互作用的CP破坏的缺乏、渐近自由和胶球的出现。有两个结果与量子色动力学不同。首先，链过程的几何结构的强相互作用导致从头估计运行强耦合常数。其次，纠缠的形状导致从头计算的夸克的质量值的下限和上限。
英文摘要：
A Planck-scale model that includes quantum chromodynamics and goes beyond it, is tested against observations. The model is based on a single fundamental principle. Starting with Dirac's proposal describing spin 1/2 particles as tethered objects, quarks and elementary fermions are conjectured to be fluctuating rational tangles with unobservable tethers. Such tangles obey the free Dirac equation. Classifying rational tangles naturally yields the observed spectrum of elementary fermions, including the six quark types and their quantum numbers. Classifying tangle deformations naturally yields exactly three types of gauge interactions, three types of elementary gauge bosons, and the symmetry groups U(1), broken SU(2) and SU(3). The possible rational tangles for quarks, leptons, Higgs and gauge bosons allow only the observed Feynman diagrams. The complete Lagrangian of the standard model - without any modification and including the Lagrangian of quantum chromodynamics - arises in a natural manner. Over 90 experimental consequences and tests about quark and gluon behaviour are deduced from the single fundamental principle. No consequence is in contrast with observations. The consequences of the strand conjecture include the complete quark model for hadrons, the correct sign of hadron quadrupole moments, colour flux tubes, confinement, Regge behaviour, running quark masses, correctly predicted hadron mass sequences, the lack of CP violation for the strong interaction, asymptotic freedom, and the appearance of glueballs. Two consequences differ from quantum chromodynamics. First, the geometry of the strand process for the strong interaction leads to an ab-initio estimate for the running strong coupling constant. Secondly, the tangle shapes lead to ab-initio lower and upper limits for the mass values of the quarks.
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