光子隧穿和电磁能量超光速传输的可能性
On photonic tunnelling and the possibility of superluminal transport of electromagnetic energy
摘要：
出于对光以超光速通过隧穿传播的实验的兴趣增加，Partha Ghose提出的Lorentz不变量理论被重新审视，以解释这些令人惊讶的效应。这个理论是基于哈里什-钱德拉形式主义，它描述了一个无质量的自旋-1玻色子的相对论动力学，就像一个光子。通过这种形式，电磁能量的玻姆平均输运速度的公式。证明了，如果构成波导的介质是非吸收和非色散的，则该速度可以是超光速的。这一结果在量子电动力学的框架下得到了验证，证明了光子在波导内的平均速度是由瞬时超光速的贡献给出的。因此，这一理论提出了设计能够以超光速局部传输电磁能的光学器件的最佳条件，从而减轻了信号衰减。
英文摘要：
Motivated by increased interest in experiments in which light appears to propagate by tunnelling at superluminal velocity, the Lorentz invariant theory proposed by Partha Ghose to explain these surprising effects is revisited. This theory is based on the Harish-Chandra formalism, which describes the relativistic dynamics of a massless spin-1 boson, like a photon. Via this formalism, the Bohmian average transport velocity of the electromagnetic energy is formulated. It is proved that, if the dielectric making the waveguide is nonabsorptive and nondispersive, this velocity can be superluminal. This result is validated in the framework of quantum electrodynamics, demonstrating that the average velocity of the photon inside the waveguide is given by the contribution of instantaneous superluminal velocities. This theory, therefore, suggests the optimal conditions for designing optical devices capable of locally transporting electromagnetic energy at superluminal velocities mitigating the signal attenuation.
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