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arXiv 2302.10072astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qc
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来自定位快速射电暴的等效原理的一致约束

Consistent Constraints on the Equivalence Principle from localised Fast Radio Bursts

Robert Reischke, Steffen Hagstotz

AI总结:

本文利用12个定位快速射电暴,通过似然协方差矩阵分析不同频率光子的时间延迟相关性,推导出在4.6至6 meV能量范围内对弱等效原理违反的最严格约束。

摘要:

快速射电暴(FRBs)是来自河外起源的短天体瞬变源。其爆发信号被大尺度结构(LSS)中的自由电子色散,导致不同频率下的延迟到达时间。另一个潜在的时间延迟源是著名的 Shapiro 延迟,它测量了视线方向上的空间-空间和时间-时间度规扰动。如果不同频率的光子遵循不同的轨迹,即如果弱等效原理(WEP)保证的自由落体普遍性被违反,它们将经历额外的相对延迟。然而,该量在背景层面不是一个可观测量,因为它不是规范无关的,这在以前的论文中引起了混淆。相反,这种印记可以在不同脉冲的时间延迟之间的相关性中看到。在本文中,我们推导了来自十二个定位 FRBs 的稳健且一致的约束,针对 4.6 至 6 meV 能量范围内 WEP 的违反。与许多先前的研究不同,我们认为我们的信号不在模型中,而在似然的协方差矩阵中。为此,我们计算了由 LSS 中的自由电子、WEP 破坏项、银河系和宿主星系引起的时间延迟的协方差。通过对宿主星系贡献和自由电子贡献进行边际化,我们发现表征 WEP 违反的后牛顿参数 $γ$ 在此能量范围内必须恒定,在 68% 置信度下达到 10 的 13 次方分之一。这些是迄今为止在此低能量范围内对 $Δγ$ 的最严格约束。

英文摘要:

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are short astrophysical transients of extragalactic origin. Their burst signal is dispersed by the free electrons in the large-scale-structure (LSS), leading to delayed arrival times at different frequencies. Another potential source of time delay is the well known Shapiro delay, which measures the space-space and time-time metric perturbations along the line-of-sight. If photons of different frequencies follow different trajectories, i.e. if the universality of free fall guaranteed by the weak equivalence principle (WEP) is violated, they would experience an additional relative delay. This quantity, however, is not an observable on the background level as it is not gauge independent, which has led to confusion in previous papers. Instead, an imprint can be seen in the correlation between the time delays of different pulses. In this paper, we derive robust and consistent constraints from twelve localised FRBs on the violation of the WEP in the energy range between 4.6 and 6 meV. In contrast to a number of previous studies, we consider our signal to be not in the model, but in the covariance matrix of the likelihood. To do so, we calculate the covariance of the time delays induced by the free electrons in the LSS, the WEP breaking terms, the Milky Way and host galaxy. By marginalising over both host galaxy contribution and the contribution from the free electrons, we find that the parametrised post-Newtonian parameter $γ$ characterising the WEP violation must be constant in this energy range to 1 in $10^{13}$ at 68$\;\%$ confidence. These are the tightest constraints to-date on $Δγ$ in this low energy range.

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