能量回收双线性 $e^+e^-$, $e^-e^-$ 对撞机 (ERLC) 高亮度和加速梯度
Energy recovery twin linear $e^+e^-$, $e^-e^-$ colliders (ERLC ) with high luminosities and accelerating gradients
AI总结：
本文研究了双线性 $e^+e^-$ 和 $e^-e^-$ 对撞机在脉冲和连续波模式下的亮度特性，证明亮度与加速梯度无关，且在不同模式下亮度与腔体品质因子呈不同比例关系，展示了其在高能物理实验中的潜力。
摘要：
本文提出了一种具有能量回收（ERLC）的超导直线对撞机，采用双射频结构以消除直线加速器中的寄生碰撞。该对撞机可在脉冲或连续波（CW）模式下运行，达到 $2E_0$ = 250-500 GeV 时亮度为 ${\cal O}(10^{36})$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$。本文证明在脉冲模式下，ERLC 的亮度与加速梯度无关，可在最高可用梯度下运行。在 CW 模式下，当可用功率远高于操作阈值时，亮度也与梯度无关。亮度与腔体品质因子 $Q_0$ 呈 $L\propto Q_0^{1/2}$ 的关系。本文首次研究了双 $e^-e^-$ ERLC 配置，其亮度与 $Q_0$ 呈 $L\propto Q_0^{1/4}$ 的关系。使用行波（TW）射频结构可实现更高的加速梯度和更小的热负荷。本文展示了在 $G$ = 40 MeV/m 下，ERLC 在 CW 模式下可达到 $L_{e^+e^-}$= (1-2.5)$\times 10^{36}$ 和 $L_{e^-e^-}$= (3-7)$\times 10^{36}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ 的亮度，总功率消耗为 150-300 MW。这些结果使 ERLC 成为未来 Higgs 工厂的极具前景的候选方案。
英文摘要：
A recently proposed superconducting linear collider with energy recovery (ERLC) and multiple beam reuse employs twin RF structures to eliminate parasitic collisions in the linacs. Such a collider can operate in either pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) mode, achieving a luminosity of ${\cal O}(10^{36})$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ at $2E_0$ = 250--500 GeV. This paper demonstrates that in pulsed mode, the ERLC luminosity is independent of the accelerating gradient for a fixed total power, enabling operation at the highest available gradients. A similar independence holds for the CW mode when the available power significantly exceeds the operational threshold. The luminosity scales with the cavity quality factor as $L\propto Q_0^{1/2}$. We also present, for the first time, a study of a twin $e^-e^-$ ERLC and estimate its performance. This configuration is simpler than the $e^+e^-$ version as it eliminates the need for beam recirculation; electrons can be generated anew for each cycle. In this case, the luminosity scales as $L\propto Q_0^{1/4}$. Furthermore, the use of traveling-wave (TW) RF structures allows for higher gradients and reduced thermal loading. We show that an ERLC with $G$ = 40 MeV/m can operate in CW mode, reaching luminosities of $L_{e^+e^-}$= (1-2.5)$\times 10^{36}$ and $L_{e^-e^-}$= (3-7)$\times 10^{36}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ at $2E_0$ = 250 and 500 GeV, respectively, with a total power consumption of 150-300 MW. These results position the ERLC as a highly promising candidate for a future Higgs factory.
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