Autonomous robots must utilize rich sensory data to make safe control decisions. To process this data, compute-constrained robots often require assistance from remote computation, or the cloud, that runs compute-intensive deep neural network perception or control models. However, this assistance comes at the cost of a time delay due to network latency, resulting in past observations being used in the cloud to compute the control commands for the present robot state. Such communication delays could potentially lead to the violation of essential safety properties, such as collision avoidance. This paper develops methods to ensure the safety of robots operated over communication networks with stochastic latency. To do so, we use tools from formal verification to construct a shield, i.e., a run-time monitor, that provides a list of safe actions for any delayed sensory observation, given the expected and maximum network latency. Our shield is minimally intrusive and enables networked robots to satisfy key safety constraints, expressed as temporal logic specifications, with desired probability. We demonstrate our approach on a real F1/10th autonomous vehicle that navigates in indoor environments and transmits rich LiDAR sensory data over congested WiFi links.
A Verification Methodology for Safety Assurance of Robotic Autonomous Systems
Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University Of Life Sciences (NMBU)（科学与技术学院，挪威生命科学大学）；Department of Mechatronics, University of Agder (UiA)（机械电子系，阿格德大学）；Department of Computer Science, University Of York, UK（计算机科学系，约克大学（英国））
Safety Verification for Evasive Collision Avoidance in Autonomous Vehicles with Enhanced Resolutions
New York University（纽约大学）；North Carolina A&T State University（北卡罗来纳农工州立大学）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；Qualcomm（高通公司）；Torc Robotics（托尔克机器人公司）；Glasgow Caledonian University（格拉斯哥卡里多尼亚大学）；American Axle & Manufacturing（美国车桥制造公司）；Gatik AI（加蒂克人工智能公司）
Formal Verification of Safety Architectures for Automated Driving
National Institute of Informatics（国立信息学研究所）；National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)（国立先进工业科学技术研究院（AIST））；Japanese-French Laboratory for Informatics（日法信息学实验室）；The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)（综合研究大学院大学（SOKENDAI））
