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arXiv 2302.09138stat.ME
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用于评估处理效应异质性的极大极小最优整群随机设计

Maximin optimal cluster randomized designs for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity

Mary M. Ryan, Denise Esserman, Fan Li

AI总结:

本文针对整群随机试验中的异质性处理效应分析,提出了在预算约束下最小化HTE估计方差的局部最优设计,并进一步开发了极大极小设计以应对未知ICC值,同时兼顾平均处理效应目标,提供R Shiny工具辅助计算。

摘要:

整群随机试验(CRTs)是处理在整群层面随机分配但结果通常在个体层面收集的研究。当CRTs在务实环境中使用时,基线人群特征可能调节处理效应,导致所谓的异质性处理效应(HTEs)。在CRTs中进行预先指定的、假设驱动的HTE分析,可以理解干预措施如何影响亚组结局。尽管最近提出了闭式样本量公式,假设协变量和结局的群内相关系数(ICCs)已知,但关于确保预先指定HTE分析具有最大功效的最优整群随机设计的指导尚未开发。我们推导了新的设计公式,以确定在给定预算约束下,使估计HTE参数的方差最小化的局部最优设计(LOD)的整群大小和整群数量。由于LOD基于通常未知的协变量和结局ICC值,我们进一步开发了用于评估HTE的极大极小设计,在最坏情况下确定使HTE分析相对效率最大化的设计资源组合。此外,鉴于平均处理效应的分析通常是主要关注点,我们还通过结合研究平均和异质性处理效应的考虑,建立了适应多目标的最优设计。我们使用喀拉拉邦糖尿病预防计划CRT的背景来说明我们的方法,并提供一个R Shiny应用程序,以促进在广泛设计参数下计算最优设计。

英文摘要:

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are studies where treatment is randomized at the cluster level but outcomes are typically collected at the individual level. When CRTs are employed in pragmatic settings, baseline population characteristics may moderate treatment effects, leading to what is known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs). Pre-specified, hypothesis-driven HTE analyses in CRTs can enable an understanding of how interventions may impact subpopulation outcomes. While closed-form sample size formulas have recently been proposed, assuming known intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) for both the covariate and outcome, guidance on optimal cluster randomized designs to ensure maximum power with pre-specified HTE analyses has not yet been developed. We derive new design formulas to determine the cluster size and number of clusters to achieve the locally optimal design (LOD) that minimizes variance for estimating the HTE parameter given a budget constraint. Given the LODs are based on covariate and outcome-ICC values that are usually unknown, we further develop the maximin design for assessing HTE, identifying the combination of design resources that maximize the relative efficiency of the HTE analysis in the worst case scenario. In addition, given the analysis of the average treatment effect is often of primary interest, we also establish optimal designs to accommodate multiple objectives by combining considerations for studying both the average and heterogeneous treatment effects. We illustrate our methods using the context of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program CRT, and provide an R Shiny app to facilitate calculation of optimal designs under a wide range of design parameters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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