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arXiv 2302.08671cs.LG
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利用堆叠GNN捕获图分类的长距离依赖性

Search to Capture Long-range Dependency with Stacking GNNs for Graph Classification

Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院计算技术研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Lenovo(联想);Paradigm. Inc(第四范式公司);Tsinghua University(清华大学)

Lanning Wei, Zhiqiang He, Huan Zhao, Quanming Yao

摘要:

近年来,图神经网络(GNNs)在图分类任务中得到了广泛的应用。目前,浅GNN更常见,这是由于较深GNN面临的众所周知的过度平滑问题。然而,它们在不利用来自远程节点的信息的情况下是次优的,即,长期依赖性。图分类任务中的主流方法可以通过设计池化操作或合并高阶近邻来提取长距离依赖关系,但它们存在明显的缺点,即需要修改原始图结构,从而可能导致图结构学习中的信息丢失。在本文中,通过证明图分类任务中过平滑问题的影响较小,我们唤起了基于堆栈的GNN的重要性,然后使用它们来捕获长程依赖关系,而无需修改原始图结构。为了实现这一点,对于基于堆栈的GNN给出了两个设计需求,即,足够的模型深度和自适应跳跃连接方案。通过将这两种设计需求转化为设计特定于数据的层间连接,我们提出了一种新的方法,并借助神经架构搜索(NAS),这被称为LRGNN(长程图神经网络)。在5个数据集上的实验表明,LRGNN具有最佳的性能,并获得了不同深度和跳连接方案的数据特定GNN,能够更好地捕捉长程依赖关系。

英文摘要:

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been popular in the graph classification task. Currently, shallow GNNs are more common due to the well-known over-smoothing problem facing deeper GNNs. However, they are sub-optimal without utilizing the information from distant nodes, i.e., the long-range dependencies. The mainstream methods in the graph classification task can extract the long-range dependencies either by designing the pooling operations or incorporating the higher-order neighbors, while they have evident drawbacks by modifying the original graph structure, which may result in information loss in graph structure learning. In this paper, by justifying the smaller influence of the over-smoothing problem in the graph classification task, we evoke the importance of stacking-based GNNs and then employ them to capture the long-range dependencies without modifying the original graph structure. To achieve this, two design needs are given for stacking-based GNNs, i.e., sufficient model depth and adaptive skip-connection schemes. By transforming the two design needs into designing data-specific inter-layer connections, we propose a novel approach with the help of neural architecture search (NAS), which is dubbed LRGNN (Long-Range Graph Neural Networks). Extensive experiments on five datasets show that the proposed LRGNN can achieve the best performance, and obtained data-specific GNNs with different depth and skip-connection schemes, which can better capture the long-range dependencies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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