道路网中的防洪减灾问题
The Flood Mitigation Problem in a Road Network
摘要：
自然灾害是非常复杂和不可预测的。然而，长期规划和备灾活动可有助于减轻后果和减少损害。例如，在洪水风险高的城市，适当的道路缓解措施有助于减少洪水或高水位对交通系统的影响。这些社区可以受益于对道路网络缓解措施的全面评估，并确定最佳道路子集。在这项研究中，我们解决了一个灾前规划问题，旨在加强道路网络抵御洪水。我们开发了一个网络设计问题，最大限度地提高人口中心和医疗保健设施之间的可达性和旅行时间，以给定的预算。我们提供了减少问题大小的技术，以帮助使问题易于处理。我们在计算实验中使用了爱荷华州的城市。
英文摘要：
Natural disasters are highly complex and unpredictable. However, long-term planning and preparedness activities can help to mitigate the consequences and reduce the damage. For example, in cities with a high risk of flooding, appropriate roadway mitigation can help reduce the impact of floods or high waters on transportation systems. Such communities could benefit from a comprehensive assessment of mitigation on road networks and identification of the best subset of roads to mitigate. In this study, we address a pre-disaster planning problem that seeks to strengthen a road network against flooding. We develop a network design problem that maximizes the improvement in accessibility and travel times between population centers and healthcare facilities subject to a given budget. We provide techniques for reducing the problem size to help make the problem tractable. We use cities in the state of Iowa in our computational experiments.
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