用于仪器校准的大气吸收球壳模型
A Spherical Shells Model of Atmospheric Absorption for Instrument Calibration
摘要：
提出了一个太阳紫外辐射的大气吸收模型。这项工作的最初动机是预测这种效应，并在探空火箭（SR）实验中进行校正。特别是，全太阳紫外火箭光谱仪（FURST）预计将于2023年年中发射。FURST有可能在120-181纳米之间的太阳光谱成像时观测紫外线吸收，分辨率为R > 2x 10 $^4$（$Δ$ V < $\pm$ 15 km/s），高度为110-255 km。该模型使用密度和温度估计值以及吸收截面的实验室测量值来预测高空太阳辐射的紫外线吸收。折射校正进行了讨论和部分实施，但可以忽略不计的结果。分子氧的吸收是我们感兴趣的UV光谱范围内的主要驱动因素。该模型的构建考虑到了广泛的应用。主要的结果是一种方法，从仪器飞行过程中获得的图像反演的吸收截面，即使大气观测最初没有打算。获得大气特性测量值的潜力是一个令人兴奋的前景，特别是因为探空火箭是目前可用于现场探测这一高度的唯一方法。沿FURST飞行剖面的噪声光谱图像的模拟使用高分辨率望远镜和摄谱仪（HRTS）SR和FISM 2模型的数据进行比较。这些模拟信号的分析，使我们能够捕捉的信噪比（SNR）的FURST和测量大气吸收特性作为高度的函数的能力。基于不同的光谱特征的流行，我们的计算表明，大气吸收可以用来执行飞行数据的波长校准。
英文摘要：
We present a model for atmospheric absorption of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The initial motivation for this work is to predict this effect and correct it in Sounding Rocket (SR) experiments. In particular, the Full-sun Ultraviolet Rocket Spectrograph (FURST) is anticipated to launch in mid-2023. FURST has the potential to observe UV absorption while imaging solar spectra between 120-181 nm, at a resolution of R > 2x10$^4$ ($Δ$ V < $\pm$ 15 km/s), and at altitudes of between 110-255 km. This model uses estimates for density and temperature, as well as laboratory measurements of the absorption cross-section, to predict the UV absorption of solar radiation at high altitudes. Refraction correction is discussed and partially implemented but is negligible for the results presented. Absorption by molecular Oxygen is the primary driver within the UV spectral range of our interest. The model is built with a wide range of applications in mind. The primary result is a method for inversion of the absorption cross-section from images obtained during an instrument flight, even if atmospheric observations were not initially intended. The potential to obtain measurements of atmospheric properties is an exciting prospect, especially since sounding rockets are the only method currently available for probing this altitude in situ. Simulation of noisy spectral images along the FURST flight profile is performed using data from the High-Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) SR and the FISM2 model for comparison. Analysis of these simulated signals allows us to capture the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of FURST and the capability to measure atmospheric absorption properties as a function of altitude. Based on the prevalence of distinct spectral features, our calculations demonstrate that atmospheric absorption may be used to perform wavelength calibration from in-flight data.
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