从软件工程师的策略开始：一种支持软件工作量估计辩护的方法
Moving on from the software engineers' gambit: an approach to support the defense of software effort estimates
摘要：
提高生产力和更快交付的压力越来越多地渗透到软件组织中。这可能会导致软件工程师像下棋的棋手一样采取行动--牺牲他们在技术上合理的估计，从而使他们的团队面临时间压力。反过来，时间压力会产生各种不利影响，例如产品质量差和情绪困扰，降低生产力，从而导致更多的时间压力和延迟：一个难以停止的恶性循环。这表明，有必要从屈服于压力的被动策略转向更积极的维护软件评估的策略。因此，我们提出了一种方法，支持软件估计在获取知识，如何进行这种防御，通过引入谈判原则封装在一组防御镜头，通过数字仿真。我们通过与来自不同公司的软件从业人员进行对照实验来评估所提出的方法。我们收集了参与者的态度，主观规范，感知行为控制，并根据计划行为理论进行辩护的意图。我们采用了频率论和贝叶斯方法进行数据分析。结果显示，在参与数字模拟和了解镜片后，实验组参与者的分数有所提高。与对照组相比，他们在面对压力情景时更倾向于选择防御行动，以反映压力超过估计的原因和结果。定性证据表明，从业者认为这套镜头在他们目前的工作环境中是有用的。总的来说，这些结果显示了所提出的方法的有效性及其对行业的感知相关性，尽管参与所需的时间很短。
英文摘要：
Pressure for higher productivity and faster delivery is increasingly pervading software organizations. This can lead software engineers to act like chess players playing a gambit -- making sacrifices of their technically sound estimates, thus submitting their teams to time pressure. In turn, time pressure can have varied detrimental effects, such as poor product quality and emotional distress, decreasing productivity, which leads to more time pressure and delays: a hard-to-stop vicious cycle. This reveals a need for moving on from the more passive strategy of yielding to pressure to a more active one of defending software estimates. Therefore, we propose an approach to support software estimators in acquiring knowledge on how to carry out such defense, by introducing negotiation principles encapsulated in a set of defense lenses, presented through a digital simulation. We evaluated the proposed approach through a controlled experiment with software practitioners from different companies. We collected data on participants' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions to perform the defense of their estimates in light of the Theory of Planned Behavior. We employed a frequentist and a bayesian approach to data analysis. Results show improved scores among experimental group participants after engaging with the digital simulation and learning about the lenses. They were also more inclined to choose a defense action when facing pressure scenarios than a control group exposed to questions to reflect on the reasons and outcomes of pressure over estimates. Qualitative evidence reveals that practitioners perceived the set of lenses as useful in their current work environments. Collectively, these results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its perceived relevance for the industry, despite the low amount of time required to engage with it.
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