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arXiv 2302.06284physics.comp-phphysics.atom-phphysics.chem-ph
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有限元形式下具有球对称密度的原子的Meta-GGA密度泛函计算

Meta-GGA density functional calculations on atoms with spherically symmetric densities in the finite element formalism

Susi Lehtola

AI总结:

本文将原子密度泛函计算从LDA、GGA和HF扩展到meta-GGA,采用广义Kohn-Sham方案和有限元高阶基函数,系统评估了近期meta-GGA泛函的数值良态性、基组截断误差及密度阈值处理对总能量收敛的影响。

摘要:

原子的密度泛函计算通常用于确定精确的初始猜测,以及为多原子计算生成各类赝势近似和高效的原子轨道基组。为了在这些用途上达到最佳精度,原子计算应采用与多原子计算相同的密度泛函。原子密度泛函计算通常采用球对称密度进行,这对应于使用分数轨道占据。我们此前已描述了其在局域密度近似(LDA)和广义梯度近似(GGA)理论级别以及Hartree-Fock(HF)和范围分离精确交换下的实现 [S. Lehtola, Phys. Rev. A 2020, 101, 012516]。在本工作中,我们描述了使用广义Kohn-Sham方案将其扩展到meta-GGA泛函,其中能量相对于轨道进行最小化,而轨道又在有限元形式中以高阶数值基函数展开。借助这一新实现,我们继续了我们最近关于近期meta-GGA泛函数值良态性的工作 [S. Lehtola and M. A. L. Marques, J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 157, 174114]。我们追求近期密度泛函的完备基组(CBS)极限能量,并发现许多泛函对Li和Na原子表现不佳。我们报告了这些密度泛函下一些常用Gaussian基组的基组截断误差(BSTEs),并发现BSTEs强烈依赖于具体泛函。我们还讨论了密度泛函近似中密度阈值处理的重要性,并发现当密度小于 $10^{-11}a_{0}^{-3}$ 的部分被筛选掉时,本工作中研究的所有泛函给出的总能量均收敛到 $0.1\ μE_{h}$。

英文摘要:

Density functional calculations on atoms are often used for determining accurate initial guesses as well as generating various types of pseudopotential approximations and efficient atomic-orbital basis sets for polyatomic calculations. To reach the best accuracy for these purposes, the atomic calculations should employ the same density functional as the polyatomic calculation. Atomic density functional calculations are typically carried out employing spherically symmetric densities, corresponding to the use of fractional orbital occupations. We have described their implementation for density functional approximations (DFAs) belonging to the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) levels of theory as well as Hartree-Fock (HF) and range-separated exact exchange [S. Lehtola, Phys. Rev. A 2020, 101, 012516]. In this work, we describe the extension to meta-GGA functionals using the generalized Kohn-Sham scheme, in which the energy is minimized with respect to the orbitals, which in turn are expanded in the finite element formalism with high-order numerical basis functions. Furnished with the new implementation, we continue our recent work on the numerical well-behavedness of recent meta-GGA functionals [S. Lehtola and M. A. L. Marques, J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 157, 174114]. We pursue complete basis set (CBS) limit energies for recent density functionals, and find many to be ill-behaved for the Li and Na atoms. We report basis set truncation errors (BSTEs) of some commonly used Gaussian basis sets for these density functionals and find the BSTEs to be strongly functional dependent. We also discuss the importance of density thresholding in DFAs and find that all of the functionals studied in this work yield total energies converged to $0.1\ μE_{h}$ when densities smaller than $10^{-11}a_{0}^{-3}$ are screened out.

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