Most of our knowledge of the universe has been obtained from the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background and observations of large-scale structures. During the history of the Universe, neutrinos from the early Universe evolve from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive-particle behavior at later times. The mass of neutrinos affects the history of the expansion of the universe and the growth of the disturbances of the various components of the cosmic microwave background, therefore the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic radiation and the observations of the large-scale structures. In this article, by using the coupling of neutrinos with dark energy, we investigate the cosmic evolution from the era of matter dominated to the era of dark energy dominated and show that neutrinos can play an important role in the evolution from radiation dominated to matter dominated and the evolution from Matter dominated to dark energy dominated. Also, we investigate the effect of non-relativistic neutrino on bulk flow and show that the direction of bulk flow has a little difference in scales smaller than 0.1, and the more we consider the scales higher than the local universe, the more difference is observed in the direction of bulk flow.
Scalar-Tensor Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity: Reconstruct the Cosmological History with a Steep Potential
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman（苏丹依德里斯教育大学）；Universiti Malaya（马来亚大学）；Universidad Catòlica del Norte（北天主教大学）；Durban University of Technology（德班理工大学）；North-West University（西北大学）
Beyond Two Parameters: Revisiting Dark Energy with the Latest Cosmic Probes
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI)（李政道研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；Presidency University（总统大学）；Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology（德班理工大学系统科学研究所）
Revisiting holographic dark energy from the perspective of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy: future joint observations with short gamma-ray bursts
String-inspired Gauss-Bonnet gravity reconstructed from the universe expansion history and yielding the transition from matter dominance to dark energy
