通过纳入86 GHz功能实现变革性ngEHT科学
Enabling Transformational ngEHT Science via the Inclusion of 86 GHz Capabilities
摘要：
我们提出了一个案例，通过将一个额外的86 GHz的观测频带显着提高的效用和效率的ngEHT。与230或345 GHz相比，ngEHT站点的天气条件对于86 GHz来说足够好，可以进行全年观测。结合86 GHz观测的多频成像将充分增强230和345 GHz（$u,v$）的覆盖范围，从而允许探测M87喷流结构，而不需要EHT站加入阵列。ngEHT的一般校准和灵敏度也将通过利用频率相位转移技术来增强，从而在86 GHz和更高频带的同时观测有可能将有效相干时间从几秒增加到几十分钟。当不可能在更高的频率上进行观测时，有机会进行独立的86 GHz科学，例如研究黑洞喷流和谱线。最后，为ngEHT增加86 GHz的能力将使其能够与其他VLBI设施$-$（如GMVA和ngVLA $-$）集成，这些设施预计将在86 GHz但不是在更高的ngEHT观测频率上运行。
英文摘要：
We present a case for significantly enhancing the utility and efficiency of the ngEHT by incorporating an additional 86 GHz observing band. In contrast to 230 or 345 GHz, weather conditions at the ngEHT sites are reliably good enough for 86 GHz to enable year-round observations. Multi-frequency imaging that incorporates 86 GHz observations would sufficiently augment the ($u,v$) coverage at 230 and 345 GHz to permit detection of the M87 jet structure without requiring EHT stations to join the array. The general calibration and sensitivity of the ngEHT would also be enhanced by leveraging frequency phase transfer techniques, whereby simultaneous observations at 86 GHz and higher-frequency bands have the potential to increase the effective coherence times from a few seconds to tens of minutes. When observation at the higher frequencies is not possible, there are opportunities for standalone 86 GHz science, such as studies of black hole jets and spectral lines. Finally, the addition of 86 GHz capabilities to the ngEHT would enable it to integrate into a community of other VLBI facilities $-$ such as the GMVA and ngVLA $-$ that are expected to operate at 86 GHz but not at the higher ngEHT observing frequencies.
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