最早的DT nuclear fusion发现
The earliest DT nuclear fusion discoveries
摘要：
我们描述了曼哈顿计划委托进行的DT聚变截面的最早测量，首先是1943年在普渡大学，然后是1945-6年在洛斯阿拉莫斯，后来是1951-2年。洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室的测量结果使人们认识到，DT系统中的3/2 $^+$共振使聚变截面在与应用相关的能量下增加了100倍。这是一个变革性的发现，使探索地球聚变能源成为可能。考虑到当时的技术和氚的稀缺性，最早的测量是相当准确的，并迅速改进，提供精确到百分之几的截面数据。我们提供了一个以前不被欣赏的见解：DT聚变首次报道在Ruhlig的1938年密歇根大学的实验，并可能影响Konopinski在1942年提出其有用的热核技术。我们报告了重复1938年测量的初步工作，以及我们对该实验的模拟。我们还介绍了费米在1945年洛斯阿拉莫斯演讲中的一些工作，表明他在核天体物理学家提出S因子概念之前大约十年就使用了它。
英文摘要：
We describe the earliest measurements of the DT fusion cross section commissioned by the Manhattan Project, first at Purdue University in 1943 and then at Los Alamos 1945-6 and later, in 1951-2. The Los Alamos measurements led to the realization that a 3/2$^+$ resonance in the DT system enhances the fusion cross section by a factor of one hundred at energies relevant to applications. This was a transformational discovery, making the quest for terrestrial fusion energy possible. The earliest measurements were reasonably accurate given the technology of the time and the scarcity of tritium, and were quickly improved to provide cross section data accurate to just a few percent. We provide a previously-unappreciated insight: that DT fusion was first reported in Ruhlig's 1938 University of Michigan experiment and likely influenced Konopinski in 1942 to suggest its usefulness for thermonuclear technologies. We report on preliminary work to repeat the 1938 measurement, and our simulations of that experiment. We also present some work by Fermi, from his 1945 Los Alamos lectures, showing that he used the S-factor concept about a decade before it was introduced by nuclear astrophysicists.
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