数字量子计算机中的原子核壳层模型模拟
Nuclear shell-model simulation in digital quantum computers
AI总结：
针对原子核壳层模型基规模指数增长问题，提出利用自适应变分量子本征求解器算法的量子电路设计策略，在多项式量子资源下逼近经典基准，为跨核素图量子计算研究铺路。
摘要：
原子核壳层模型是研究原子核结构的最重要的多体方法之一，但随着粒子数的增加，基规模呈指数级增长，严重阻碍了其应用。我们提出了一种壳层模型量子电路设计策略，利用自适应变分量子本征求解器（VQE）算法来寻找原子核基态。我们的电路实现与经典壳层模型模拟对十余种轻核和中等质量核（包括氖和钙同位素）的计算结果高度一致。我们量化了编码真实壳层模型波函数所需的电路深度、宽度和门数量。该策略还明确探讨了能量测量问题及执行测量所需的电路数量。我们的模拟电路以多项式级增长的量子资源，在结果上指数级逼近基准值。这项工作为横跨核素图的量子计算壳层模型研究铺平了道路，且我们的量子资源量化方法可用于其他费米子系统的组态相互作用计算。
英文摘要：
The nuclear shell model is one of the prime many-body methods to study the structure of atomic nuclei, but it is hampered by an exponential scaling on the basis size as the number of particles increases. We present a shell-model quantum circuit design strategy to find nuclear ground states by exploiting an adaptive variational quantum eigensolver algorithm. Our circuit implementation is in excellent agreement with classical shell-model simulations for a dozen of light and medium-mass nuclei, including neon and calcium isotopes. We quantify the circuit depth, width and number of gates to encode realistic shell-model wavefunctions. Our strategy also addresses explicitly energy measurements and the required number of circuits to perform them. Our simulated circuits approach the benchmark results exponentially with a polynomial scaling in quantum resources for each nucleus. This work paves the way for quantum computing shell-model studies across the nuclear chart and our quantum resource quantification may be used in configuration-interaction calculations of other fermionic systems.
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