处于核心地位：坚定的产品专业化
Being at the core: firm product specialisation
摘要：
我们提出了一个新的措施来调查公司的产品专业化：产品核心，抓住了公司的出口篮子内的出口产品的中心。我们使用2018年至2020年哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的公司产品水平数据研究产品核心度。我们的分析得出三个主要结论。第一，公司出口篮子的构成每年变化相对较小，远离公司核心竞争力的产品，核心度低，更有可能被放弃。其次，较高的核心度与公司层面较大的出口流量相关。第三，这种企业层面的模式也对总体层面产生影响：平均而言，出口核心度较高的产品在国家层面的出口流量较高，这适用于所有产品复杂程度。因此，该文件表明，如何密切配合一个产品在一个公司的能力是重要的经济业绩在公司和国家一级。我们在计量经济学框架内探讨这些问题，在我们三个国家和每个国家分别找到强有力的证据。
英文摘要：
We propose a novel measure to investigate firms' product specialisation: product coreness, that captures the centrality of exported products within the firm's export basket. We study product coreness using firm-product level data between 2018 and 2020 for Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Three main findings emerge from our analysis. First, the composition of firms' export baskets changes relatively little from one year to the other, and products far from the firm's core competencies, with low coreness, are more likely to be dropped. Second, higher coreness is associated with larger export flows at the firm level. Third, such firm-level patterns also have implications at the aggregate level: products that are, on average, exported with higher coreness have higher export flows at the country level, which holds across all levels of product complexity. Therefore, the paper shows that how closely a product fits within a firm's capabilities is important for economic performance at both the firm and country level. We explore these issues within an econometric framework, finding robust evidence both across our three countries and for each country separately.
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