柯克伍德间隙形成初期的一种可能机制
A possible mechanism of the Kirkwood gap formations at the very beginning
摘要：
选取了2020年5月31日MPC星表中绝对星等H <16 m的小行星与木星3：1、5：2和2：1平均运动共振（MMR）轨道。2：1 MMR中的轨道数是其他两种共振中的几十倍。在2：1 MMR中的天体中，有邻近小行星家族，特别是忒弥斯家族的母天体碎片。进行了数值计算，以评估数十万年来所选轨道的演变。考虑到了来自所有八颗主要行星的扰动和轨道近日点位移的相对论效应。对于3：1和5：2 MMR中的所有轨道，轨道偏心率都有所增加，这足以使天体接近火星。在2：1 MMR中，没有检测到轨道偏心率的充分增加。由于非引力效应（NGE）的作用，这种共振中的轨道偏心率会增加。雅科夫斯基效应的作用可以解释一颗大小为5公里的小行星在大约10亿年或更长的时间内从2：1的MMR中退出。20多亿年前，在2：1的差距中有数十个超过50公里大小的天体。要想在一开始就形成2：1共振的缺口，小行星带的物理条件必须与今天有很大不同。特别是，早期太阳系的太阳辐射强度可能比现在高得多。
英文摘要：
The orbits of asteroids from the MPC catalogue of May 31, 2020 with absolute magnitudes H < 16m, in the 3:1, 5:2 and 2:1 mean motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter were selected. The number of the orbits in the 2:1 MMR is dozens times greater than in the other two resonances. There are fragments of parent bodies of neighbour asteroid families, in particular the Themis family, among bodies in the 2:1 MMR. Numerical calculations were performed to evaluate the evolution of the selected orbits over hundreds of thousand years. Perturbations from all eight major planets and the relativistic effects of orbital perihelion displacement were taken into account. For all orbits in the 3:1 and 5:2 MMRs an increase in the orbit eccentricities, which are sufficient for the bodies to approach Mars, was obtained. In the 2:1 MMR, a sufficient increase in the orbit eccentricities was not detected. An increase in orbit eccentricities in this resonance can occur due to the action of non-gravitational effects (NGEs). The action of the Yarkovsky effect can explain the exit of an asteroid with a size of 5 km from the 2:1 MMR over a period about 1 billion years or more. More than 2 billion years ago, there were dozens of bodies over 50 km in size in the 2:1 gap. To form the gap in the 2:1 resonance at the very beginning, the physical conditions in the asteroid belt had to be significantly different from the today ones. In particular, the intensity of the solar radiation in the early Solar system could be much higher as compared to the today one.
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