逆向物流网络设计对回收立法经济和环境影响的评估--以华盛顿州电子废物管理系统为例
Reverse Logistics Network Design to Estimate the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Take-back Legislation: A Case Study for E-waste Management System in Washington State
摘要：
近年来，响应对电子废物（e-waste）的资源回收和环境影响的关注，报废（EOL）电子产品的回收和处置引起了相当大的关注。许多国家已经通过或正在考虑立法，要求制造商在电子废物使用寿命结束时负责接收电子废物。在本文中，通过捕捉不同阶段的EOL电子产品（或，电子废物）的生命周期中产生的私人或小型实体用户，我们开发了两种不同的配方的逆向物流网络，即系统最优模型和用户最优模型，以估计经济和环境影响的收回立法。在该系统中，电子废物通过用户在指定的收集地点下车来收集。当我们在系统优化模型中研究与电子废物回收和再制造相关的整个逆向物流网络并从政策制定者的角度获得最佳解决方案时，我们在用户优化模型中将物流网络分为两个不同的部分，以便从用户的角度获得最佳解决方案。实施所提出的模型上的一个说明性的例子表明，他们是如何能够估计的经济和环境影响的收回立法在电子废物的生命周期的各个阶段。
英文摘要：
In recent years, recycling and disposal of end-of-life (EOL) electronic products has attracted considerable attention in response to concerns over resource recovery and environmental impacts of electronic waste (e-waste). In many countries, legislation to make manufacturers responsible for taking e-waste at the end of their useful lives either has been adopted or is being considered. In this paper, by capturing different stages in the life-cycle of EOL electronic products (or, e-waste) generated from private or small-entity users, we develop two different formulations of a reverse logistics network, i.e. system-optimum model and user-optimum model, to estimate both economic and environmental effects of take-back legislation. In this system, e-waste is collected through user drop-off at designated collection sites. While we study the whole reverse logistics network associated with recycling and remanufacturing of e-waste in the system-optimum model and obtain an optimum solution from the policy maker's perspective, we split the logistics network into two distinct parts in the user-optimum model in order to derive an optimum solution from the users' standpoint. Implementing the proposed models on an illustrative example shows how they are capable of estimating the economic and environmental impacts of take-back legislation in various stages of e-waste's life-cycle.
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