致死基因型的存在促进了进化适应
Evolutionary adaptation is facilitated by the presence of lethal genotypes
AI总结：
本文研究了致死基因型在生物进化中的作用，发现在崎岖适应度景观和激烈资源竞争条件下，致死突变反而能通过降低对较不适应变体的选择压力、增加跨越适应度谷的速率，从而加速最佳适应基因型的进化。
摘要：
生物进化理论模型中的适应率随突变率增加而提高，但仅限于突变进入致死状态导致灭绝之前。人们可能认为移除这些状态对进化有利。然而我们在此表明，反直觉地，在存在激烈资源竞争且具有许多适应度极大值和极小值的崎岖适应度景观上，致死突变会加速适应。我们考虑了拟种模型的一个修改的随机版本，包含两种基因型：可存活型和致死型，并表明提高致死突变率会减少进化出最佳适应基因型所需的时间。这可以通过跨越适应度谷的速率增加来解释，该增加是由对较不适应变体的选择压力降低所促进的。
英文摘要：
The adaptation rate in theoretical models of biological evolution increases with the mutation rate but only to a point when mutations into lethal states cause extinction. One would expect that removing such states should be beneficial for evolution. We show here that, counter-intuitively, lethal mutations speed up adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes with many fitness maxima and minima, if strong competition for resources exist. We consider a modified stochastic version of the quasispecies model with two types of genotypes, viable and lethal, and show that increasing the rate of lethal mutations decreases the time to evolve the best-fit genotype. This can be explained by an increased rate of crossing fitness valleys, facilitated by reduced selection against less-fit variants.
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