活动星系核宽线区的旋臂。II。松散缠绕情况：混响特性
Spiral Arms in Broad-line Regions of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Loosely Wound Cases: Reverberation Properties
摘要：
近年来，越来越多的证据表明，活动星系核中的宽线区（BLR）具有规则的子结构，如旋臂，这一证据得到了RM观测所测得的BLR半径与吸积盘的自引力区基本一致的事实的支持。我们在论文Ⅰ中已经指出，在某些盘状超宽带共振器中，可能存在由这些区域的引力不稳定性激发的旋臂。作为该系列的第二篇论文，我们研究了盘状BLR中由引力不稳定性激发的松散缠绕的螺旋臂，并给出了它们的观测特征。遵循Adams等人（1989）的处理，我们用矩阵格式求解了控制积分-微分方程。计算了BLR旋臂的发射线轮廓、速度延迟图和速度分辨延迟。我们发现旋臂可以解释观测中的一些现象：（1）平均谱和均方根谱中的发射线轮廓具有不同的不对称性，（2）一些速度延迟图，如，NGC 5548的发射谱线具有复杂的子特征（不完整的椭圆），（3）发射谱线轮廓（均方根谱）的非对称性变化的时间尺度很短。这些功能是有吸引力的建模所观察到的线轮廓和混响的属性，并揭示BLR的几何和运动学的细节。
英文摘要：
There has recently been growing evidence that broad-line regions (BLRs) in active galactic nuclei have regular substructures, such as spiral arms, which are supported by the fact that the radii of BLRs measured by RM observations are generally consistent with the self-gravitating regions of accretion disks. We have shown in Paper I that the spiral arms excited by the gravitational instabilities in these regions may exist in some disk-like BLRs. As the second paper of the series, we investigate the loosely wound spiral arms excited by gravitational instabilities in disk-like BLRs and present their observational characteristics. Following the treatments of Adams et al. (1989), we solve the governing integro-differential equation by a matrix scheme. The emission-line profiles, velocity-delay maps, and velocity-resolved lags of the BLR spiral arms are calculated. We find that the spiral arms can explain some phenomena in observations: (1) the emission-line profiles in the mean and rms spectra have different asymmetries, (2) some velocity-delay maps, e.g., NGC 5548, have complex sub-features (incomplete ellipse), (3) the timescales of the asymmetry changes in emission-line profiles (rms spectra) are short. These features are attractive for modeling the observed line profiles and the properties of reverberation, and for revealing the details of the BLR geometry and kinematics.
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