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arXiv 2301.06341cs.SE
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基于机器学习和架构坏味的技术债务指数

An architectural technical debt index based on machine learning and architectural smells

Darius Sas, Paris Avgeriou

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于机器学习和架构坏味的技术债务本金估算方法,通过训练学习排序模型评估坏味严重性并结合静态代码行数计算,经案例研究验证,71%的从业者认可其估算的代表性。

摘要:

技术债务(TD)管理的一个关键方面是能够衡量系统中累积的本金数量。当前文献中包含了一系列估算技术债务本金的方法,然而,其中只有少数专门关注架构技术债务,且没有一种方法是完全自动化、免费可用且经过彻底验证的。此外,最近的一项研究表明,许多现有方法存在某些缺陷,例如依赖人工挑选的阈值。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于机器学习和架构坏味来估算架构技术债务本金的新方法,以解决这些缺陷。我们的方法可以估算由单个架构坏味实例产生的技术债务本金数量。为此,我们采用信息检索领域的新技术来训练一个学习排序的机器学习模型,该模型用于评估架构坏味的严重性,并确保预测的透明度。然后,对于每个实例,我们静态分析源代码以计算产生该坏味的准确代码行数。最后,我们将这两个值结合起来计算技术债务本金。为了验证该方法,我们进行了一项案例研究,并采访了来自开源和工业界的16位从业者,询问他们对在其项目中检测到的几种坏味的技术债务本金估算的看法。结果表明,对于71%的实例,从业者同意所提供的估算能够代表重构该坏味所需的工作量。

英文摘要:

A key aspect of technical debt (TD) management is the ability to measure the amount of principal accumulated in a system. The current literature contains an array of approaches to estimate TD principal, however, only a few of them focus specifically on architectural TD, and none of these are fully automated, freely available, and thoroughly validated. Moreover, a recent study has shown that many of the current approaches suffer from certain shortcomings, such as relying on hand-picked thresholds. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimate architectural technical debt principal based on machine learning and architectural smells to address such shortcomings. Our approach can estimate the amount of technical debt principal generated by a single architectural smell instance. To do so, we adopt novel techniques from Information Retrieval to train a learning-to-rank machine learning model that estimates the severity of an architectural smell and ensure the transparency of the predictions. Then, for each instance, we statically analyse the source code to calculate the exact number of lines of code creating the smell. Finally, we combine these two values to calculate the technical debt principal. To validate the approach, we conducted a case study and interviewed 16 practitioners, from both open source and industry, and asked them about their opinions on the TD principal estimations for several smells detected in their projects. The results show that for 71\% of instances, practitioners agreed that the estimations provided were \emph{representative} of the effort necessary to refactor the smell.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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