为公平的多式联运交通网络监管营利性自动驾驶汽车
Regulating For-Hire Autonomous Vehicles for An Equitable Multimodal Transportation Network
AI总结：
本文通过博弈论模型研究营利性自动驾驶汽车对多式联运交通公平的影响，并提出最低服务水平要求和公交补贴两项监管政策以改善空间与社会公平。
摘要：
本文评估了营利性自动驾驶汽车（AVs）的公平性影响，并研究了在未来自动驾驶出行生态系统中促进空间公平和社会公平的监管政策。为此，我们考虑一个多式联运交通网络，其中网约车平台运营一支自动驾驶汽车车队，提供按需出行服务，与在交通网络上提供公交服务的公共交通机构展开竞争。我们建立了一个博弈论模型，用以刻画网约车平台、公交机构以及具有不同收入水平的多类别乘客之间的紧密互动。我们提出了一种算法来计算该博弈的纳什均衡，并对所得解的性能进行事后评估。基于所提出的框架，我们使用泰尔指数评估交通可达性的空间公平和社会公平，发现尽管网约车网络中营利性自动驾驶汽车的普及提高了整体可达性，但其收益并未在不同地点或人群之间公平分配，这意味着如果缺乏监管干预，自动驾驶汽车的部署将扩大交通网络中现有的空间和社会不公平差距。为解决这一问题，我们研究了两项能够改善交通公平的监管政策：（a）对网约车服务施加最低服务水平要求，从而改善交通网络的空间公平；（b）通过对网约车服务征税来补贴公交服务，从而促进公共交通的使用并改善交通网络的空间公平和社会公平。我们表明，最低服务水平要求涉及一种权衡：随着更高的最低服务水平被施加，空间不公平会降低，但社会不公平会加剧。另一方面……
英文摘要：
This paper assesses the equity impacts of for-hire autonomous vehicles (AVs) and investigates regulatory policies that promote spatial and social equity in future autonomous mobility ecosystems. To this end, we consider a multimodal transportation network, where a ride-hailing platform operates a fleet of AVs to offer mobility-on-demand services in competition with a public transit agency that offers transit services on a transportation network. A game-theoretic model is developed to characterize the intimate interactions between the ride-hailing platform, the transit agency, and multiclass passengers with distinct income levels. An algorithm is proposed to compute the Nash equilibrium of the game and conduct an ex-post evaluation of the performance of the obtained solution. Based on the proposed framework, we evaluate the spatial and social equity in transport accessibility using the Theil index, and find that although the proliferation of for-hire AVs in the ride-hailing network improves overall accessibility, the benefits are not fairly distributed among distinct locations or population groups, implying that the deployment of AVs will enlarge the existing spatial and social inequity gaps in the transportation network if no regulatory intervention is in place. To address this concern, we investigate two regulatory policies that can improve transport equity: (a) a minimum service-level requirement on ride-hailing services, which improves the spatial equity in the transport network; (b) a subsidy on transit services by taxing ride-hailing services, which promotes the use of public transit and improves the spatial and social equity of the transport network. We show that the minimum service-level requirement entails a trade-off: as a higher minimum service level is imposed, the spatial inequity reduces, but the social inequity will be exacerbated. On the other hand ...
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