城市规模的住宅供热公平网络感知脱碳
Equitable Network-Aware Decarbonization of Residential Heating at City Scale
摘要：
住宅供暖主要由天然气提供动力，占世界许多地区住宅部门能源使用和碳排放的很大一部分。因此，通过过渡到由越来越环保和碳密集度更低的电网提供动力的节能热泵，推动了住宅供暖的脱碳。然而，这种过渡将增加电网的额外负荷，引发基础设施升级，并随后侵蚀使用天然气分销网络的客户群。公用事业公司希望指导这些过渡工作，以确保分阶段停用天然气网络和推迟电网基础设施升级，同时实现碳减排目标。为了促进这种转变，我们提出了一个网络感知的优化框架，在城市规模的住宅供暖脱碳的目标，以最大限度地减少碳在预算约束下。我们的方法操作上的气体网络拓扑图表示计算过渡的成本和选择的过渡社区。我们进一步扩展我们的方法，明确纳入公平，并确保不同社会经济群体之间的利益公平分配。我们将我们的框架应用于美国新英格兰地区的一个城市，使用真实世界的天然气使用量、电力使用量和电网基础设施数据。我们表明，在相同的预算下，我们的网络感知策略比之前的网络无关工作实现了高55%的碳减排。我们的公平意识战略实现了公平的结果，同时保留了网络意识战略的碳减排效益。
英文摘要：
Residential heating, primarily powered by natural gas, accounts for a significant portion of residential sector energy use and carbon emissions in many parts of the world. Hence, there is a push towards decarbonizing residential heating by transitioning to energy-efficient heat pumps powered by an increasingly greener and less carbon-intensive electric grid. However, such a transition will add additional load to the electric grid triggering infrastructure upgrades, and subsequently erode the customer base using the gas distribution network. Utilities want to guide these transition efforts to ensure a phased decommissioning of the gas network and deferred electric grid infrastructure upgrades while achieving carbon reduction goals. To facilitate such a transition, we present a network-aware optimization framework for decarbonizing residential heating at city scale with an objective to maximize carbon reduction under budgetary constraints. Our approach operates on a graph representation of the gas network topology to compute the cost of transitioning and select neighborhoods for transition. We further extend our approach to explicitly incorporate equity and ensure an equitable distribution of benefits across different socioeconomic groups. We apply our framework to a city in the New England region of the U.S., using real-world gas usage, electric usage, and grid infrastructure data. We show that our network-aware strategy achieves 55% higher carbon reductions than prior network-oblivious work under the same budget. Our equity-aware strategy achieves an equitable outcome while preserving the carbon reduction benefits of the network-aware strategy.
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