毫米波到太赫兹SISO和MIMO连续变量量子密钥分发
Millimetre-waves to Terahertz SISO and MIMO Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
摘要：
随着对大带宽的需求呈指数级增长，考虑最佳网络平台以及通信网络中信息的安全性和隐私性是重要的。毫米波（mm）和高载波频率的太赫兹（THz）被提出作为使能技术，通过提供超宽带信号来克服现有通信系统的香农信道容量限制。毫米波和太赫兹也能够建立与光通信系统兼容的无线链路。然而，大多数可以在这些频率范围（100 GHz-10 THz）内合理有效地运行的固态组件，特别是源和探测器，需要低温冷却，这是大多数量子系统的要求。在这里，我们表明，安全的毫米波和太赫兹量子密钥分发可以实现时，源和探测器在低温下工作到T= 4K。我们比较了单输入单输出（SISO）和多输入多输出（MIMO）连续变量太赫兹量子密钥分发（CVQKD）方案，发现在f=100 GHz和1 THz之间的频率范围内，正密钥速率是存在的。此外，我们还发现，在较低的温度下，使用1024*1024根天线，可以延长最大传输距离，提高密钥速率，并在f= 100 GHz，T=4K时实现超过5 km的最大保密通信距离。我们的研究结果可能有助于开发下一代安全无线通信系统和量子互联网，用于从卫星间和深空到室内和短距离通信的应用。
英文摘要：
With the exponentially increased demands for large bandwidth, it is important to think about the best network platform as well as the security and privacy of the information in communication networks. Millimetre (mm)-waves and terahertz (THz) with high carrier frequency are proposed as the enabling technologies to overcome Shannons channel capacity limit of existing communication systems by providing ultrawide bandwidth signals. Mm-waves and THz are also able to build wireless links compatible with optical communication systems. However, most solid-state components that can operate reasonably efficiently at these frequency ranges (100GHz-10THz), especially sources and detectors, require cryogenic cooling, as is a requirement for most quantum systems. Here, we show that secure mm-waves and THz QKD can be achieved when the sources and detectors operate at cryogenic temperatures down to T= 4K. We compare single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Continuous Variable THz Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) schemes and find the positive secret key rate in the frequency ranges between f=100 GHz and 1 THz. Moreover, we find that the maximum transmission distance could be extended, the secret key rate could be improved in lower temperatures, and achieve a maximum secrete communication distance of more than 5 km at f=100GHz and T=4K by using 1024*1024 antennas. Our results may contribute to the efforts to develop next-generation secure wireless communication systems and quantum internet for applications from inter-satellite and deep space, to indoor and short-distance communications.
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