里德堡赋能光学晶格中原子的超紧束缚
Ultratight confinement of atoms in a Rydberg empowered optical lattice
AI总结：
本研究提出利用三能级里德堡缀饰原子的非线性光学响应构建亚波长光学晶格的新方法，可突破衍射极限实现3nm宽、37MHz深的单原子超紧束缚，为多种原子量子技术应用提供支撑。
摘要：
光学晶格是原子量子技术的基础构建模块。然而，这类晶格的尺度和分辨率受衍射限制，只能达到光波长量级。在传统晶格中，实现单个格点的紧束缚需要高激光强度，但遗憾的是，散射增强会导致相干性降低。本文提出了一种构建具有亚波长空间结构的原子光学晶格的新方法。该势场通过利用三能级里德堡缀饰原子的非线性光学响应产生，使我们能够突破驱动场的衍射极限。最终形成的晶格由纳米尺度的超窄洛伦兹势阱构成三维阵列。这些前所未有的尺度如今可通过结合原子本征态的偶极相互作用和光学扭转的混合方案实现。形成囚禁势的相互作用诱导两体共振仅在特定激光强度下发生，将囚禁格点局域在驻波驱动场上的超窄区域内。可行性研究表明，利用现有激光器可实现宽度为3nm、深度为37MHz的洛伦兹格点中的单原子囚禁。这类超窄囚禁技术的发展在里德堡-费米门、原子电子学、量子行走、Hubbard模型以及中性原子量子模拟等应用中具有广阔前景。
英文摘要：
Optical lattices serve as fundamental building blocks for atomic quantum technology. However, the scale and resolution of these lattices are diffraction-limited to the light wavelength. In conventional lattices, achieving tight confinement of single sites requires high laser intensity, which unfortunately leads to reduced coherence due to increased scattering. This article presents a novel approach for creating an atomic optical lattice with a sub-wavelength spatial structure. The potential is generated by leveraging the nonlinear optical response of three-level Rydberg-dressed atoms, which allows us to overcome the diffraction limit of the driving fields. The resulting lattice comprises a three-dimensional array of ultra-narrow Lorentzian wells over nanometer scales. These unprecedented scales can now be accessed through a hybrid scheme that combines the dipolar interaction and optical twist of atomic eigenstates. The interaction-induced two-body resonance that forms the trapping potential, only occurs at a peculiar laser intensity, localizing the trap sites to ultra-narrow regions over the standing-wave driving field. The feasibility study shows that single-atom confinement in Lorentzian sites with 3nm width, and 37MHz depth are realizable with available lasers. The development of these ultra-narrow trapping techniques holds great promise for applications such as Rydberg-Fermi gates, atomtronics, quantum walks, Hubbard models, and neutral-atom quantum simulation.
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