由超轻多孔材料制成的3D光泳飞行器可在中间层携带千克级有效载荷
3D photophoretic aircraft made from ultralight porous materials can carry kg-scale payloads in the mesosphere
AI总结：
该研究提出三维空心几何结构的光泳飞行器，通过理论推导与模拟验证升力表达式，优化参数后，直径10米的纳米纸板结构在80公里高度可携带1千克有效载荷，揭示超轻多孔材料的必要性。
摘要：
我们表明，光泳飞行器将从三维（3D）空心几何结构中大大受益，该结构通过侧壁泵送环境空气以产生高速射流。为确定最佳几何结构，我们基于斯托克斯（低Re）和动量（高Re）理论开发了升力的理论表达式，并使用有限元流体动力学模拟对其进行了验证。然后我们系统地改变几何参数（包括克努森泵孔隙率），以最小化运行高度或最大化有效载荷。假设大型飞行器可由先前展示的纳米纸板材料制成，最小高度为55公里，而在80公里高度下，直径10米的3D结构的有效载荷可达1千克。在所有情况下，侧壁的最大面密度不能超过每平方米几克，这表明需要超轻多孔材料。
英文摘要：
We show that photophoretic aircraft would greatly benefit from a three-dimensional (3D) hollow geometry that pumps ambient air through sidewalls to create a high-speed jet. To identify optimal geometries, we developed a theoretical expression for the lift force based on both Stokes (low-Re) and momentum (high-Re) theory and validated it using finite-element fluid-dynamics simulations. We then systematically varied geometric parameters, including Knudsen pump porosity, to minimize the operating altitude or maximize the payload. Assuming that the large vehicles can be made from previously demonstrated nanocardboard material, the minimum altitude is 55 km while the payload can reach 1 kilogram for 3D structures with 10-meter diameter at 80 km altitude. In all cases, the maximum areal density of the sidewalls cannot exceed a few grams per square meter, demonstrating the need for ultralight porous materials.
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