高电荷态氙离子与金纳米层相互作用中的能量沉积和纳米结构形成
Energy deposition and formation of nanostructures in the interaction of highly charged xenon ions with gold nanolayers
AI总结：
本研究探究慢速高电荷态氙离子的动能与中和能量对金纳米层表面纳米结构形成的影响，通过不同电荷态和动能的辐照实验结合原子力显微镜表征，结合微阶梯模型揭示了纳米结构形成由表面离子中和与固体内动能损失共同主导。
摘要：
本文研究了慢速高电荷态氙离子的动能沉积与中和能量对金纳米层表面纳米结构生成过程的影响。厚度为100 nm的纳米层通过在晶体硅Si(100)衬底上电子束蒸发金制备而成。样品在波兰凯尔采扬·科哈诺夫斯基大学的Kielce EBIS装置中，于高真空条件下进行辐照。辐照实验分为两组：一组保持动能恒定为280 keV，采用不同的离子电荷态（Xe$^{q+}$，q = 25、30、35、36和40）；另一组保持电荷态为Xe$^{35+}$恒定，采用不同的动能：280 keV、360 keV、420 keV和480 keV。离子注量处于10$^{10}$ ions/cm$^2$量级。辐照前后，使用原子力显微镜对纳米层表面进行了研究。结果观察到纳米层表面出现了以火山口（crater）形式存在的显著形貌修饰。通过对火山口尺寸（表面直径和深度）的系统分析，我们确定了沉积的动能与中和能量对所得纳米结构尺寸的影响。研究结果在基于离子里德伯态布居的量子二态矢量模型的微阶梯模型（micro-staircase model）框架内得到了理论解释。计算核阻止本领时采用了固体内部与电荷相关的离子-原子相互作用势。根据该模型，纳米结构的形成由表面前的离子中和过程以及固体内部的动能损失过程共同主导。
英文摘要：
The effect of the deposition of kinetic energy and neutralization energy of slow highly charged xenon ions on the process of the nanostructures creation at the surface of gold nanolayers is investigated. The nanolayers of thickness of 100 nm were prepared by e-beam evaporation of gold on crystalline silicon Si(100) substrate. The samples were irradiated at the Kielce EBIS facility of the Jan Kochanowski University (Kielce, Poland), under high vacuum conditions. The irradiations were performed for constant kinetic energy 280 keV and different ions charge states (Xe$^{q+}$, q = 25, 30, 35, 36 and 40) and for constant charge state Xe$^{35+}$ and different kinetic energies: 280 keV, 360 keV, 420 keV and 480 keV. The fluence of the ions was on the level of 10$^{10}$ ions/cm$^2$. Before and after irradiation the nanolayer surfaces were investigated using the atomic force microscope. As the result, well pronounced modifications of the nanolayer surfaces in the form of craters have been observed. A systematic analysis of the crater sizes (diameter on the surface and depth) allowed us to determine the influence of the deposited kinetic and the neutralization energy on the size of the obtained nanostructures. The results are theoretically interpreted within the micro-staircase model based on the quantum two-state vector model of the ionic Rydberg states population. The charge dependent ion-atom interaction potential inside the solid is used for the calculation of the nuclear stopping power. According to the model the formation of the nanostructures is governed by the processes of the ionic neutralization in front of the surface and the kinetic energy loss inside the solid.
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