智能城市中的RISs和侧链通信：无缝定位和传感的关键
RISs and Sidelink Communications in Smart Cities: The Key to Seamless Localization and Sensing
摘要：
智慧城市涉及智能交通、人群监控和数字双胞胎等要素，其中每个要素都需要通过无线通信链路进行信息交换以及对连接设备和无源物体（包括人）的定位。虽然定位和感测（L&S）被设想为未来通信系统的核心功能，但是与通信相比，它们在基础设施方面具有固有的不同需求。无线通信通常只需要连接到单个接入点（AP），而L&S需要同时连接到多个AP的视线传播路径，这些AP用作位置和方向锚点。因此，针对通信优化的智慧城市部署将不足以满足严格的L&S要求。在这篇文章中，我们认为，新兴的可重构智能表面（RISs）和侧链路通信技术构成了在智能城市中为L&S提供无处不在的覆盖的关键，具有低成本和高能效的技术解决方案。为此，我们提出并评估AP协调和自协调的RIS使能的L&S架构，并详细介绍了三组应用场景，依赖于低复杂度的信标，合作定位和全双工收发器。还提供了一个列表的实际问题和随之而来的开放研究的挑战，拟议的L&S系统。
英文摘要：
A smart city involves, among other elements, intelligent transportation, crowd monitoring, and digital twins, each of which requires information exchange via wireless communication links and localization of connected devices and passive objects (including people). Although localization and sensing (L&S) are envisioned as core functions of future communication systems, they have inherently different demands in terms of infrastructure compared to communications. Wireless communications generally requires a connection to only a single access point (AP), while L&S demand simultaneous line-of-sight propagation paths to several APs, which serve as location and orientation anchors. Hence, a smart city deployment optimized for communication will be insufficient to meet stringent L&S requirements. In this article, we argue that the emerging technologies of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and sidelink communications constitute the key to providing ubiquitous coverage for L&S in smart cities with low-cost and energy-efficient technical solutions. To this end, we propose and evaluate AP-coordinated and self-coordinated RIS-enabled L&S architectures and detail three groups of application scenarios, relying on low-complexity beacons, cooperative localization, and full-duplex transceivers. A list of practical issues and consequent open research challenges of the proposed L&S systems is also provided.
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