在实数上表示拟阵是 $\exists \mathbb R$-完全的
Representing Matroids over the Reals is $\exists \mathbb R$-complete
AI总结:
本文证明在实数上表示拟阵(即使秩为3)是 $\exists \mathbb R$-完全的,即与判定整数系数多元多项式是否有实根在多项式时间内等价。
摘要:
一个拟阵 $M$ 是一个有序对 $(E,I)$,其中 $E$ 是一个称为底集的有限集合,$I\subset 2^{E}$ 是一个称为独立集的集合族,它满足以下条件:(i) $\emptyset \in I$,(ii) 若 $I'\subset I \in I$,则 $I'\in I$,以及 (iii) 若 $I_1,I_2 \in I$ 且 $|I_1| < |I_2|$,则存在 $e\in I_2$ 使得 $I_1\cup \{e\} \in I$。拟阵 $M$ 的秩 $rank(M)$ 是独立集的最大大小。我们说一个拟阵 $M=(E,I)$ 在实数上是可表示的,如果存在一个映射 $φ\colon E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{rank(M)}$ 使得 $I\in I$ 当且仅当 $φ(I)$ 构成一个线性无关集。\n 我们研究实数上拟阵可实现性问题。给定一个拟阵 $M$,我们询问是否存在欧几里得空间中的一组点表示 $M$。我们证明拟阵可实现性是 $\exists \mathbb R$-完全的,即使对于秩为 3 的拟阵也是如此。复杂度类 $\exists \mathbb R$ 可以定义为与确定一个具有整数系数的多元多项式是否有实数根在多项式时间内等价的一类算法问题。\n 我们的方法类似于文献中先前的方法。然而,这个结果本身从未被指出过,并且没有现成的以计算机科学语言表述的证明。
英文摘要:
A matroid $M$ is an ordered pair $(E,I)$, where $E$ is a finite set called the ground set and a collection $I\subset 2^{E}$ called the independent sets which satisfy the conditions: (i) $\emptyset \in I$, (ii) $I'\subset I \in I$ implies $I'\in I$, and (iii) $I_1,I_2 \in I$ and $|I_1| < |I_2|$ implies that there is an $e\in I_2$ such that $I_1\cup \{e\} \in I$. The rank $rank(M)$ of a matroid $M$ is the maximum size of an independent set. We say that a matroid $M=(E,I)$ is representable over the reals if there is a map $φ\colon E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{rank(M)}$ such that $I\in I$ if and only if $φ(I)$ forms a linearly independent set. We study the problem of matroid realizability over the reals. Given a matroid $M$, we ask whether there is a set of points in the Euclidean space representing $M$. We show that matroid realizability is $\exists \mathbb R$-complete, already for matroids of rank 3. The complexity class $\exists \mathbb R$ can be defined as the family of algorithmic problems that is polynomial-time is equivalent to determining if a multivariate polynomial with integers coefficients has a real root. Our methods are similar to previous methods from the literature. Yet, the result itself was never pointed out and there is no proof readily available in the language of computer science.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。