用一种新型吸引—排斥模型框架探索社会多样性与凝聚力的基础
Exploring the foundation of social diversity and coherence with a novel attraction-repulsion model framework
AI总结：
本文提出吸引—排斥模型，刻画观点趋同与差异放大，揭示“和而不同”涌现所需的易感性、交互强度与容忍度条件，并通过相图识别转变与三重点。
摘要：
一种广泛存在的状态——“和而不同”，即个体自由表达各种观点以维持社会多样性的整合，同时共同价值观确保社会凝聚力——可被视为社会多样性与凝聚力的基础，然而它从未引起研究关注，其形成机制仍不清楚。为解决这一问题，本研究基于一个普遍而简单的假设提出了一种吸引—排斥模型：个体倾向于要么与相近观点达成一致，要么放大与他人相异观点之间的差别。该模型使我们能够考虑三个核心参数：交互强度、个体对他人观点的易感性和容忍度。我们不仅关注时变拓扑的影响，也关注静态社会网络所施加的固定交互的影响，其中还执行了异质个体属性的任务。值得注意的是，简单的模型规则成功产生了除碎裂之外的上述三个相，以及三种不同的转变和三重点。我们发现，充分的易感性、中等的交互强度和高容忍度有利于排斥力与吸引力之间的平衡，从而促成“和而不同”的涌现。然而，固定交互会引入簇级自增强机制，该机制可能出乎意料地促进极化。异质的易感性或容忍度被证明是一种抑制因素，应当加以避免。一种通过计算熵的最大易感性和观点标准差来识别相边界的方法，经数值模拟证实，使我们能够构建相图并定位三重点的位置。
英文摘要：
One widely-existed state --``harmony with diversity" in which individuals freely express various viewpoints to sustain integration of social diversity, but at the same time shared values ensure social coherence, can be considered as the foundation of social diversity and coherence, however, which has never attracted research attention. Its formation mechanism still remains unclear. To address this issue, this study proposes an attraction-repulsion model based on the general simple assumption that individuals tend to either reach an agreement with shared opinions or to amplify difference from others with distant opinions. It allows us to take account into the three core parameters: interaction strength, individuals' susceptibility and tolerance to others' opinions. We are concerned with the effect of not only time-varying topology but also fixed interactions imposed by static social network, where the tasks of heterogeneous individuals' attributes are also performed. Remarkably, the simple model rules successfully generate the three above phases except for fragmentation, along with three different transitions and the triple points. We find that sufficient susceptibility, intermediate interaction strength and high tolerance can benefit a balance between repulsive and attractive forces, and thus the emergence of "harmony with diversity". However, fixed interactions can introduce cluster-level self-reinforced mechanism which can unexpectedly promote polarization. Heterogeneous susceptibility or tolerance turns out to be an inhibiting factor, which should be avoided. A method to identify the phase boundaries through computing the maximum susceptibility of entropy and stand deviation of opinions, confirmed by numerical simulations, allows us to build phase diagrams and to locate where the triple points are.
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