半导体强场电子光发射相干性的证据
Evidence of coherence in strong-field electron photoemission from a semiconductor
摘要：
强场量子电子学正在成为信息处理的潜在候选者，但相干与退相干仍然是该概念的主要关注点。在过去的十年中，带隙材料中的强场相干过程导致了半导体、千兆赫电子学或强场量子态中高次谐波的出现。然而，亚光学循环驱动的电子的相干行为从来没有被直接观察到。我们在这里报告的实验证据的相干超短发射的超热电子从纳米结构的半导体。我们的方法使用亚波长的电场增强定位的电子发射在一个纳米级的斑点。我们发现类似的电子发射从金属nanotips在强场制度，一个主题，在过去的十年中，已经打开了一个广阔的应用领域。电子光谱显示奇数和偶数谐波驱动飞秒激光频率，电子发射的相干性和它们的阿秒定时的签名。我们的研究结果完成了我们的知识，在半导体相干强场过程的现象和开放的观点，为未来的量子设备的产生在强场制度。
英文摘要：
Strong-field quantum electronics is emerging as a potential candidate in information processing but still coherence vs decoherence is a primary concern of the concept. Strong-field coherent processes in band gap materials have led during the last decade to the emergence of high harmonic generation in semiconductors, petahertz electronics, or strong-field quantum states. However, the coherent behavior of the sub-optical cycle-driven electrons has never been directly observed. We report here on the experimental evidence of coherent ultrashort emission of hot electrons from a nanostructured semiconductor. Our method uses sub-wavelength electric field enhancement to localize the electron emission within a nanometer-scale spot. We found similarities with the electron emission from metallic nanotips in the strong-field regime, a topic that has opened a vast domain of applications during the last decade. The electron spectra display both odd and even harmonic orders of the driving femtosecond laser frequency, a signature of the coherent nature of the electron emission and their attosecond timing. Our findings complete our knowledge of phenomena governing coherent strong-field processes in semiconductors and open perspectives for the generation of future quantum devices operating in the strong-field regime.
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